แြแฝแ္ေแာ္ แီแ
ာแกုแ္แို แแแแกแแိแ္ แုแ္ေแေแးแဲ့แฟแီး ျแแ
္แါแแ္။ แါေแแแ့္
แกဲแီแ
ာแกုแ္แွာ ေแးแြแ္းေแးแုแို แေျแေแးแဲ့แါแူး။ แြแฝแ္ေแာ္แแ္း
แกဲแီแกแ်ိแ္แုแ္းแ แแိေแးแိုแ แ်แ္แားแฟแီး แုแ္ေแแဲ့ျแแ္း ျแแ
္แါแแ္။ แแု
แกแแိแ္แွာေแာ့ ေแးแြแ္းแ်ားแို ျแแ့္ျแแ့္แ
ံုแ
ံု ေျแေแးแားแฟแီး
แုแ္ေแแိုแ္แါแแ္။ แแแ แกแแိแ္แွာ ေျแแแားแဲ့ ေแးแြแ္းေแြแေแာ့ -
= What is black cotton soil?
Black cotton soils are shrinkage soils and it is very difficult to
design foundation because the structure erected on such soils crack
terribly. Black cotton soil experiences volumetric changes due to
changed atmospheric conditions. It swells in wet condition and shrinks
in dry atmosphere.
= What is the object of curing?
The object of curing is to prevent loss of moisture from the concrete
due to the evaporation and other reasons. The fresh laid concrete
should be prevented from direct sun-rays and hot winds to avoid rapid
drying. It should also be protected from any type of shocks or stresses
due to loads or vibrations.
= What is a water cement ratio?
It is the ratio of water to the quantity of cement used in a concrete
or motar mix by volume or weight. Water-cement ratio should be as low
as possible so that number of pores is reduced to minimum and thus
increasing its durability.
= What are the expansion and contraction joints and why these are necessary?
Due to variations in temperatures, the concrete undergoes expansion
and contractions. As such deflection in supports is caused due to
expansion and contraction of concrete which may prove fatal to the
safety of structure. To avoid this, expansion and contractions joints
are provided to the concrete which should be water tight as well as
should allow free movement.
แီေแးแြแ္း ေแးแုแဲ ျแแ
္แါแแ္။
แီ แုแိแแกแแိแ္แ
ာแกုแ္แွာေแာ့ แ
ာแกုแ္แို ေแါแ္းแုแ္ แแ့္แ္၊ ျแแ့္แ
ြแ္แ
ာ
แဲแ แแ
္แกုแ္แံုးแို แာแ္แံု แုแ္แฟแီး แแ
္แါแแ္း แแ္ေแးแိုแ္แါแแ္။
แฟแီးแဲ့แဲ့ แ
ာแกုแ္แို ေแါแ္းแုแ္ แုแ္แฟแီးแူေแြแกေแแဲแ แแု แ
ာแกုแ္แို
ေแါแ္းแုแ္ แုแ္แာ แกแแ္แေျแแแ္ แกေแแแွာ แแါแแ္း ေျแแားแဲ့ ေแးแြแ္း แกေျแ
ျแแ့္แ
ြแ္แ်แ္แ်ားแို Screenshot แိုแ္แฟแီး แိแ္းႏိုแ္แါแแ္။ แါแွแแုแ္
แ
ာแกုแ္แို ေแါแ္းแုแ္ แုแ္แာ แกแแ္แေျแแိုแ แာแ္แံုေแြแို แพแแ့္แฟแီးแဲ Save
แုแ္แฟแီး แိแ္းแားႏိုแ္แါแแ္။ ေแာแ္แံုး แกေแแဲแ แแု แုแိแแกแแိแ္ ေျแာแ္
แ
ာแกုแ္แို ေแါแ္းแုแ္ แုแ္แฟแီး แိแ္းแားแ်แ္แူေแြแกแြแ္ေแာ့ -
http://www.mediafire.com/?s3lqujhbl3yzirb
https://app.box.com/s/42whmaib71k30lms52pa
แกေแแแ แแ့္แ္ แแ
္แုแုแေแ ေแါแ္းแုแ္ แုแ္แฟแီး แိแ္းแားႏိုแ္แါေแพแာแ္း။
แกားแံုးแဲ แกแแ္ေျแႏိုแ္แพแแါေแ
။
#XawLynn