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Saturday, April 30, 2016

Pushed Pile or Pressed Pile


Construction แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္ Foundation ႏွแ€…္แ€™်ိဳးႏွแ€…္แ€…ားแ€›ိွแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
(1) Shallow Foundation
(2) Deep Foundation
......แ€Ÿူ၍ ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
Deep Foundation แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္ Pile Foundation แ€€ို แ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ Pile Foundation แ€ြแ€„္แ€œแ€Š္း....
(1) Driven Pile
(2) Pushed Pile
(3) Bored Pile
......แ€Ÿူ၍ แ€žုံးแ€™်ိဳး แ€‘แ€•္แ€™ံแ€€ြဲแ€žြားแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
**( References : CQHP-Civil Work )
ေแ€กာแ€€္แ€ြแ€„္ Pushed Pile or Pressed Pile แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€€ို ေแ€–ာ္ျแ€•แ€•ါแ€™แ€Š္။
Pushed Pile (แ€’ါแ€™ွแ€™แ€Ÿုแ€္) Pressed Pile
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€–ိုแ‚”แ€กแ€ြแ€€္......
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္(แ)แ€กေแ€”แ€”ဲแ‚”....Architectural Drawings, Structural Drawings, M&E Drawings แ€…แ€žแ€Š္ျแ€–แ€„့္ Drawing แ€™်ားแ€…ြာแ€›ိွแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€‘ဲแ€™ွ Piling Plan Drawing แ€”ဲแ‚” Pile Coordinates ေแ€ြแ€€ိုแ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္(แ‚) แ€€....Survey Team แ€™ွ แ„แ€„္း Pile Coordinates ေแ€ြแ€กแ€ိုแ€„္း On Ground แ€™ွာ Survey Points แ€™်ားေแ€•းျแ€แ€„္းแ€•ါ...แ€กဲแ€œို Survey Points ေแ€•းแ€ဲ့ေแ€”แ€›ာแ€™ွာ Survey แ€„ုแ€္ေแ€œးေแ€ြแ‚ိုแ€€္แฟแ€•ီး ေแ€”แ€›ာแ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္ေแ€•းแ€•ါแ€แ€š္...Survey แ€„ုแ€္แ€กျแ€–แ€…္ 8mm or 10mm diameter bar ေแ€ြแ€€ို แ€•แ€œแ€…္แ€…แ€แ€…္แ‚€แ€€ိဳးေแ€œးေแ€ြแ€်แ€Š္းแฟแ€•ီး แ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแ€•ါแ€แ€š္...8mm or 10mm diameter bar แ€€ို แ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแ€ာแ€€ Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€”แ€„္းแ€œိုแ€€္แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ါ แ€กแ€œြแ€š္แ€แ€€ူ ေแ€›ြ ့แ€™แ€žြားေแ€กာแ€„္แ€œိုแ‚”แ€•ါ...แ€žူแ€›ဲแ‚•แ€กแ€œ်ားแ€€แ€œแ€Š္း ေျแ€™ျแ€•แ€„္แ€กေแ€”แ€กแ€‘ား ( ေျแ€™แ€™ာแ€žแ€œား...ေျแ€™ေแ€•်ာ့แ€žแ€œား...แ€›ႊံံ ့ေแ€ြแ€‘ူေแ€”แ€žแ€œား...) ေแ€•แšแ€™ူแ€แ€Š္แฟแ€•ီး 10" ...12"...18" แ€…แ€žแ€Š္ျแ€–แ€„့္แ€›ိွแ€›แฟแ€•ီး ေျแ€™แ‚€แ€€ီးแ€‘ဲ แ€กแ€€ုแ€”္แ€แ€„္ေแ€กာแ€„္ แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€›แ€•ါแ€แ€š္....แ€•แ€œแ€္แ€…แ€แ€…္แ‚€แ€€ိဳးแ€်แ€Š္แ€›แ€ာแ€€ Rebar ေแ€ြแ€€ို ေျแ€™แ‚€แ€€ီးแ€‘ဲ แ€กแ€€ုแ€”္แ€แ€„္ေแ€กာแ€„္แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€œိုแ€€္แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€žူแ‚”แ€›ဲแ‚•ေแ€ါแ€„္းแ€€ိုแ€กแ€œြแ€š္แ€แ€€ူแ€™ျแ€™แ€„္แ€›ေแ€ာ့แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ‚ွာแ€›แ€œြแ€š္แ€€ူေแ€…แ€›แ€”္ แ€်แ€Š္แ€›ျแ€แ€„္းျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္...แ€’ါแ€™ွ แ€•แ€œแ€…္แ€…แ€แ€…္แ‚€แ€€ိဳးแ€€ိုေแ€ြแ‚”แ€ာแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€žံေแ€်ာแ€„္းแ€€ိုေแ€ြแ‚”แฟแ€•ီ...แ€’ါแ€™ွแ€™แ€Ÿုแ€္...Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€›แ€™แ€š့္ Piont แ€€ိုေแ€ြแ‚”แฟแ€•ီေแ€•ါ့....
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္(แƒ)แ€€....Pile แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ Survey Point ေแ€ြ แ€›แฟแ€•ီแ€†ိုแ€›แ€„္ Piling Machine แ€”ဲแ‚” Pile แ€…แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€•ါေแ€ာ့แ€™แ€š္...
Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€ဲ့ေแ€”แ€›ာแ€™ွာ Pile ေแ€ြแ€€ို Precast Pile ေแ€ြ แ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแฟแ€•ီး...
8"x8" แ€€ို 20' แ€กแ‚ွแ€Š္
10"x10" แ€€ို 20' แ€กแ‚ွแ€Š္
12"x12" แ€€ို 40' แ€กแ‚ွแ€Š္...
แ€…แ€žแ€Š္ျแ€–แ€„့္ design ေแ€•แšแ€™ူแ€แ€Š္แฟแ€•ီး แ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแพแ€€แ€•ါแ€แ€š္...
Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€ဲ့ Piling Machine แ€™ွာแ€œแ€Š္း...
Ton 180
Ton 260
Ton 320
Ton 460....แ€…แ€žแ€Š္ျแ€–แ€„့္ แ€กแ€™်ိဳးแ€™်ိဳး แ€›ိွแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။
แ€กแ€ု แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္ ေျแ€•ာแ€™แ€š့္แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€ฅီးแ€™ွာ....
Precast Pile- 12"x12" แ€€ို 40' แ€กแ‚ွแ€Š္แ€€ို แ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแ€‘ားแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။
Pile แ€แ€…္ေแ€်ာแ€„္းแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€‘แ€™္းႏိုแ€„္แ€›แ€™แ€š့္ Load แ€€ 550KN ( Structure Designer แ€€ แ€ြแ€€္ေแ€•းแ€‘ားแ€ဲ့แ€Ÿာแ€•ါ။ แ€กဲแ€’ီ 550KN แ€€ို Pile แ€แ€€แ€š္แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€™แ€š္แ€†ိုแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€်ိแ€”္แ€€် Safe ျแ€–แ€…္ေแ€กာแ€„္ Safety Factor 2.5 แ€”ဲแ‚” ေျแ€™ႇာแ€€္แ€œိုแ€€္ေแ€ာ့...550x2.5=1375 KN แ€›แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€กဲแ€’ီေแ€ာ့ แ€’ီแ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€ฅီးแ€™ွာ แ€žုံးแ€‘ားแ€ဲ့ Pile แ€แ€…္ေแ€်ာแ€„္းแ€်แ€„္းแ€…ီแ€€ို 1375 KN แ€‘ိေแ€›ာแ€€္ေแ€กာแ€„္ Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€”ဲแ‚” แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€›แ€™ွာแ€•ါ။ )
แ€กแ€ုု แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€ฅီးแ€™ွာ แ€žုံးแ€ဲ့ Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€€ Ton 460 แ€€ို Six Cylinder แ€”ဲแ‚”แ€•ါ။ ( Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€™်ားแ€€ို Ton 320, Ton 460 แ€…แ€žแ€Š္ျแ€–แ€„့္ ေแ€แšแ€†ိုแ€›ာแ€™ွာแ€œแ€Š္း แ„แ€„္းแ€…แ€€္แ€™်ားแ€›ဲแ‚• Weight แ€€ိုေျแ€•ာแ€†ိုျแ€แ€„္းแ€™แ€Ÿုแ€္แ€•ဲ, แ€‘ိုแ€…แ€€္แ€™်ား၏ Cylinder แ€™်ားแ€€ Pile แ€™်ားแ€€ို แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€žြแ€„္းႏိုแ€„္ေแ€žာแ€กားแ€€ို ေျแ€•ာแ€†ိုျแ€แ€„္းျแ€–แ€…္แ€žแ€Š္แ€€ို แ€žแ€ိျแ€•ဳแ€•ါ။ Ton 320 แ€…แ€€္แ€†ိုแ€œွ်แ€„္ Plie ေแ€်ာแ€„္းแ€€ို 320 tons แ€›แ€žแ€Š္แ€กแ€‘ိ แ‚ိုแ€€္ႏိုแ€„္แฟแ€•ီး Ton 460 แ€…แ€€္แ€†ိုแ€œွ်แ€„္ 460 tons แ€›แ€žแ€Š္แ€กแ€‘ိ แ‚ိုแ€€္ႏိုแ€„္แ€žแ€Š္แ€Ÿုแ€†ိုแ€œိုแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€™်ားแ€ြแ€„္ แ€•ါแ€แ€„္ေแ€žာ Cylinder แ€กေแ€›แ€กแ€ြแ€€္แ€™ွာแ€œแ€Š္း แ€€ြာျแ€ားแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ Ton 460 แ€…แ€€္แ€ြแ€„္ Cylinder ေျแ€ာแ€€္แ€œုံးแ€•ါแ€แ€„္แฟแ€•ီး แ„แ€„္းေแ€กာแ€€္แ€„แ€š္ေแ€žာแ€…แ€€္แ€™်ားแ€™ွာ Cylinder ေแ€œးแ€œုံးแ€•ဲแ€•ါแ€แ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ )
Pile แ€แ€€แ€š္แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€™แ€š္แ€†ိုแ€›แ€„္...แ€šူแ€”แ€…္แ€€ြာျแ€ားแ€™ႈေแ€ြแ€œแ€Š္းแ€›ိွแ€•ါေแ€žးแ€แ€š္။ Structure Designer แ€€ေแ€•းแ€‘ားแ€ာแ€€ 1375 KN .... KN แ€”ဲแ‚”
Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€™ွာ แ€•ါแ€ာแ€€ Oil Pressure (MPa) แ€”ဲแ‚” Ton-Force (ton).....***แ€•ုုံ แ€ြแ€„္แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€•ါ။
แ€กဲแ€’ီေแ€ာ့ แ€šူแ€”แ€…္ေแ€ြแ€™แ€ူေแ€ာ့ แ€ူแ€žြားေแ€กာแ€„္ KN แ€€ို Ton-Force แ€žိုแ‚”ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။ ( Structure Designer แ€€ แ€กแ€…แ€€แ€แ€Š္းแ€€ KN แ€”ဲแ‚”แ€™ေแ€•းแ€•ဲ tons แ€”ဲแ‚”ေแ€•းแ€ဲ့แ€›แ€„္ေแ€ာ့ แ€™แ€œိုေแ€ာ့แ€•ါแ€˜ူး )။ แ€€ိုแ€š့္ Calculator or Handset แ€‘ဲแ€™ွာ KN to Ton-Force แ€€ို ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแ€ဲ့ unit conversion แ€™แ€•ါแ€œแ€Š္း แ€€ိแ€…แฅแ€™แ€›ိွแ€•ါแ€˜ူး။ Online ေแ€•แšแ€™ွာแ‚ွာแฟแ€•ီး ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแ€œိုแ‚”แ€›แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€ု แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€ฅီးแ€›ဲแ‚• Pile แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ 1375 KN = 140 tons แ€›แ€•ါแฟแ€•ီ.... ***แ€•ုံแ€ြแ€„္แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€•ါ။
แ€’ီေแ€”แ€›ာแ€™ွာ แ€‘แ€•္แ€œိုแ€œာแ€ာแ€€ แ€€ိုแ€š့္ Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€›ဲแ‚• แ€กแ€‘แ€€္แ€™ွာေျแ€•ာแ€ဲ့แ€ဲ့ Oil Pressure Table แ€œိုแ€œာแ€•ါแฟแ€•ီ။ Conversion Table แ€œိုแ‚”แ€œแ€Š္း ေแ€แšแพแ€€แ€•ါေแ€žးแ€แ€š္။.....***แ€•ုံแ€ြแ€„္แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€•ါ.....
แ€กဲแ€’ီ Table แ€€ Pile แ€…แ€€္แ€แ€…္แ€ုแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€แ€…္แ€ုแ€™แ€ူแ€Šီแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ Pile แ€กแ€–ြဲแ‚”แ€€ေแ€” แ€™ျแ€–แ€…္แ€™ေแ€” ေแ€ာแ€„္းแ€šူแ€›แ€™ွာแ€•ါ။ แ€’ါแ€™ွ แ€€ိုแ€š့္แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€ฅီးแ€›ဲแ‚• Pile แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ pressure แ€˜แ€š္ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€”ဲแ‚” แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€›แ€™แ€š္แ€†ိုแ€ာ แ€žိแ€™ွာแ€•ါ။
แ€กแ€ု ေျแ€•ာေแ€”แ€ဲ့ แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€ฅီးแ€›ဲแ‚• Pile แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ 140 tons แ€›แ€–ိုแ‚”แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ Oil Pressure 11แ€”ဲแ‚” 12 แพแ€€ားแ€€ို Interpolation แ€œုแ€•္แฟแ€•ီး แ€šူแ€›แ€™ွာแ€•ါ။Interpolation แ€šူแ€œိုแ€€္แ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€ါ 11 MPa แ€›แ€žแ€Š္แ€Ÿု แ€†ိုแ€•ါแ€…ိုแ‚”။ Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ါ Pile แ€…แ€€....*** แ€•ုုံแ€ြแ€„္แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€•ါ။
Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္ေแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ္แ€กแ€ြแ€„္း၌ Pile Vertical Alignment แ€›แ€›ိွေแ€…แ€›แ€”္ Spirt Level แ€žုံး၍ แ€กျแ€™ဲแ€แ€”္း check ေแ€”แ€›แ€™แ€Š္แ€€ို แ€žแ€ိျแ€•ဳแ€•ါ။
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္ (แ„)แ€€...แ€œိုแ€กแ€•္แ€ဲ့ Design แ€กแ€ိုแ€„္း Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แฟแ€•ီးแ€žြားแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ါ แ€•ိုေแ€”แ€›แ€„္ ျแ€–แ€္၊ แ€œိုေแ€”แ€›แ€„္ แ€†แ€€္แ€›แ€™ွာแ€•ါ။
แ€กแ€ု 140 tons แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ Pressure 11MPa แ€”ဲแ‚” แ‚ိုแ€€္ေแ€”แ€›ာแ€™ွာ 12"x12" - 40' แ€กแ‚ွแ€Š္แ€€ို แ€กแ€žုံးျแ€•ဳแ€‘ားแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ ေျแ€™แ€กแ€แ€„္ 35' ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€™ွာแ€แ€„္ แ€œိုแ€กแ€•္แ€ဲ့ Pressure 11 MPa ျแ€•แ€Š့့္แ€žြားแฟแ€•ီแ€†ိုแ€œွ်แ€„္ Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္ျแ€แ€„္းแ€€ို แ€›แ€•္แ€œိုแ€€္แ€›แ€™ွာแ€•ါ။ แ€’ါแ€†ိုแ€›แ€„္ ေျแ€™ေแ€•แšแ€™ွာ 5' แ€•ိုေแ€”แ€•ါแฟแ€•ီ။ แ€•ိုေแ€”แ€ဲ့ แ€กဲแ€’ီ 5' แ€€ို ျแ€–แ€္แ€•แ€…္แ€›แ€™ွာแ€•ါ။.....***แ€•ုံแ€ြแ€„္แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€•ါ။
แ€กแ€€แ€š္၍ แ€•แ€‘แ€™ 40' แ€€ုแ€”္แ€žြားแ€œိုแ‚”แ€™ွ Pressure 11 MPa แ€™ျแ€•แ€Š့္ေแ€žးแ€˜ူး, 9 MPa ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€•ဲ แ€›ိွေแ€žးแ€แ€š္แ€†ိုแ€›แ€„္ ေแ€”ာแ€€္ 40' แ€แ€…္ေแ€်ာแ€„္းแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€†แ€€္แฟแ€•ီး แ€‘แ€•္แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€›แ€™ွာแ€•ါ။....*** แ€•ုုံแ€ြแ€„္แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€•ါ။
Pressure ျแ€•แ€Š့္แฟแ€•ီแ€†ိုแ€›แ€•္၊ แ€•ိုแ€ာแ€€ို ျแ€–แ€္แ€•แ€…္။
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္(แ…)แ€€...Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္ေแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ္แ€กแ€ြแ€„္း၌ Safety แ€€ို แ€…แ€ฅ္แ€†แ€€္แ€™ျแ€•แ€္ แ€‚แ‚ုแ€…ိုแ€€္แ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။ Pile แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€กแ€ြแ€„္း แ‚€แ€€ီးแพแ€€แ€•္၊ แ€ာแ€แ€”္แ€ံแ€™်ားแ€™ွแ€œြဲ၍ แ€กျแ€ားแ€žူแ€™်ား แ€แ€„္ေแ€›ာแ€€္ျแ€แ€„္းแ€™ျแ€•ဳแ€›แ€•ါ။ Pile แ€œုแ€•္แ€žားแ€กแ€–ြဲแ‚”แ€กား Pile แ€်แ€Š္แ€›ာแ€ြแ€„္ ေแ€žแ€်ာျแ€™ဲျแ€™ံแ€…ြာ แ€်แ€Š္แ€›แ€”္၊ Pile Crane Operator แ€กားแ€œแ€Š္း ေแ‚ွแ‚•ေแ€”ာแ€€္แ€˜แ€š္แ€Šာ ေแ€žแ€်ာแ€…ြာ แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€›แ€”္၊ Pile แ€…แ€€္ေแ€กာแ€€္แ€ြแ€„္ แ€กแ€œုแ€•္,แ€œုแ€•္แ€žူแ€™်ားแ€กားแ€œแ€Š္း ေแ€žแ€်ာแ€…ြာ แ€‚แ‚ုแ€…ိုแ€€္ေแ€…แ€›แ€”္...แ€…แ€žแ€Š္ျแ€–แ€„့္ แ€กျแ€™ဲแ€แ€™္း แ€žแ€ိေแ€•းေแ€”แ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္(แ†)แ€€....แ€™ိแ€™ိ၏ Site แ€แ€…္แ€ုแ€œုံး Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แฟแ€•ီးแ€žြားแ€œွ်แ€„္ แ„แ€„္း Pile Coordinates แ€™်ားแ€กား Design แ€ြแ€„္ေแ€•းแ€‘ားေแ€žာ Coordinates แ€™်ားแ€กแ€ိုแ€„္း แ€™ွแ€”္, แ€™แ€™ွแ€”္ ျแ€•แ€”္แ€œแ€Š္แ€…แ€…္ေแ€†းแ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€Š္။ แ€กแ€€แ€š္၍ Pile Coordinates แ€™်ားแ€žแ€Š္ แ€ြแ€„့္ျแ€•ဳႏိုแ€„္ေแ€žာ แ€กแ€œြဲแ€‘แ€€္ေแ€€်ာ္แ€œြแ€”္ေแ€”แ€•ါแ€€ แ€กแ€…ားแ€‘ိုးPile แ€™်ား แ€‘แ€•္แ€™ံแ‚ိုแ€€္แ€žြแ€„္းျแ€แ€„္းျแ€–แ€„့္ แ€€ုแ€…ားႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ Pile แ€™်ား၏ แ€ြแ€„့္ျแ€•ဳႏိုแ€„္ေแ€žာ แ€กแ€œြဲแ€™်ားแ€™ွာ ေแ€กာแ€€္แ€•ါแ€กแ€ိုแ€„္း ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
(( ACI Recommendation แ€กแ€›...
Pile ေแ€ါแ€„္း၏ေแ€”แ€›ာแ€žแ€Š္ แ€›แ€Š္แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€‘ားေแ€žာေแ€”แ€›ာแ€™ွ 3" ႏွแ€„့္ 6" แ€กแ€ြแ€„္းแ€›ိွแ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€Š္။ Pile แ€แ€„္แ‚ိုး၏แ€แ€Š့္แ€™แ€္แ€™ႈแ€žแ€Š္ ေျแ€™ေแ€กာแ€€္แ€œုံးแ€ျแ€™ဳแ€္ေแ€”ေแ€žာ Pile แ€™်ားแ€กแ€ြแ€€္ Pile แ€กแ‚ွแ€Š္၏ 10% ၊ ေျแ€™ေแ€•แšแ€แ€แ€€္แ€แ€•်แ€€္ေแ€•แšေแ€”ေแ€žာ Pile แ€™်ားแ€กแ€ြแ€€္ Pile แ€กแ‚ွแ€Š္၏ 2% แ€กแ€‘ိ ေแ€žြแ€–แ€Š္แ€™ႈแ€กား แ€ြแ€„့္ျแ€•ဳႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
Pile Cap แ€™ွ ေแ€˜းแ€ိုแ€€္แ€žแ€€္ေแ€›ာแ€€္แ€™ႈแ€กားแ€€ို แ€‘แ€™္းေแ€†ာแ€„္ႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€€ 4% แ€กแ€‘ိ แ€ြแ€„့္ျแ€•ဳႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
แ€กแ€€แ€š္၍ Pile แ€™်ား၏ ေแ€”แ€›ာแ€œြဲแ€™ွားแ€™ႈแ€žแ€Š္ แ€กแ€‘แ€€္แ€•ါแ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แ€်แ€€္แ€™်ားแ€‘แ€€္ ေแ€€်ာ္แ€œြแ€”္แ€•ါแ€€ แ€‘ိုแ€žိုแ‚”แ€œြဲแ€™ွားแ€žแ€Š့္แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ Pile ေแ€•แšแ€žိုแ‚” แ€กแ€™ွแ€”္แ€แ€€แ€š္แ€žแ€€္ေแ€›ာแ€€္แ€™แ€Š့္ แ€กေแ€œးแ€แ€”္แ€™်ားแ€€ို ျแ€•แ€”္แ€œแ€Š္แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€…แ€…္ေแ€†းแ€›แ€”္ แ€œိုแ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ แ€žแ€€္ေแ€›ာแ€€္แ€žแ€Š့္แ€กေแ€œးแ€แ€”္แ€žแ€Š္ แ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แ€กေแ€œးแ€แ€”္แ€‘แ€€္ 10% แ€•ိုแ€•ါแ€€ แ€กแ€•ို Pile แ€‘แ€•္แ‚ိုแ€€္၍แ€œแ€Š္းေแ€€ာแ€„္း၊ แ€กေแ€œးแ€แ€”္แ€™်ားแ€€ို Ground Beam แ€™ွแ€แ€†แ€„့္ แ€กျแ€ားေแ€”แ€›ာแ€™်ားแ€žိုแ‚” ျแ€–แ€”္แ‚”ေแ€ေแ€•းျแ€แ€„္းျแ€–แ€„့္แ€œแ€Š္းေแ€€ာแ€„္း แ€€ုแ€…ားแ€™ႈแ€™်ား ျแ€•ဳแ€œုแ€•္แ€›แ€”္แ€œိုแ€กแ€•္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
**References : CQHP-Civil Work ))
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္(แ‡)แ€€.... แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€žြแ€„္းแฟแ€•ီးေแ€žာ Pile แ€™်ားแ€กား แ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แ€‘ားေแ€žာ Design
Load แ€กแ€ိုแ€„္းแ€›,แ€™แ€› Pile Load Test แ€…แ€™္းျแ€แ€„္းျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ Load Test แ€…แ€™္းေแ€œ့แ€›ိွေแ€žာ Pile Point แ€™်ားแ€™ွာ Pressure ျแ€•แ€Š့္แ€™ီေแ€กာแ€„္ แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€‘ားေแ€žာ္แ€œแ€Š္း ေျแ€™แ€กแ€แ€„္แ€”แ€Š္းေแ€žာ Pile Point แ€™်ားျแ€–แ€…္แ€แ€္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။
CQHP Guideline แ€กแ€› Pushed Pile แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€กแ€”แ€Š္းแ€†ုံး Two Pile Points แ€…แ€™္းแ€žแ€•္ေแ€•းแ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။ แ€…แ€™္းแ€žแ€•္ေแ€•းแ€›แ€™แ€š့္ Test แ€กแ€™်ိဳးแ€กแ€…ားแ€€
1% Static Working Load Test ( Minimum 2 Piles ) + 25% Integrity Test แ€†ိုแฟแ€•ီး แ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แ€‘ားแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။
*** Pressed Pile แ€›ဲแ‚• แ€กႏွแ€…္แ€်ဳแ€•္แ€€ ႏွแ€…္แ€်แ€€္แ€แ€Š္းแ€•ါ။
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္แ€แ€…္แ€€...Pile แ€แ€…္ေแ€်ာแ€„္းแ€်แ€„္းแ€…ီแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€ံႏိုแ€„္แ€›แ€™แ€š့္ Design Load แ€€ို แ€žိแ€›แ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။
แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္ႏွแ€…္แ€€...Pile แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€™แ€š့္แ€…แ€€္แ€›ဲแ‚• Conversation Table แ€€ိုแพแ€€แ€Š့္แฟแ€•ီး Pressure แ€˜แ€š္ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€”ဲแ‚” แ‚ိုแ€€္แ€›แ€™แ€š္แ€†ိုแ€ာ แ€žိแ€›แ€™แ€š္။แ€’ါแ€•ါแ€•ဲ။***
แ€กားแ€œုံးแ€€ိုေแ€€်းแ€‡ူးแ€แ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္.....
แ€žแ€„္แ€†แ€›ာ၊ ျแ€™แ€„္แ€†แ€›ာ၊ แพแ€€ားแ€†แ€›ာแ€™်ားแ€€ို แ€ฅီးแ€‘ိแ€•္แ€‘ားแ€œွ်แ€€္.....
Chit Mg
30.4.2016












Friday, April 22, 2016

แ€žแ€แ€„္းေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€แ€…္แ€ု

แ€žแ€แ€„္းေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€แ€…္แ€ု
แ€‚်แ€•แ€”္ႏိုแ€„္แ€„ံแ€™ွ แ€—ိแ€žုแ€€ာ แ€•แ€Šာแ€›ွแ€„္ႏွแ€„္แ‚” Integrated Design Group แ€ိုแ‚”แ€•ူးေแ€•ါแ€„္းแฟแ€•ီး BIM Development Foundation แ€€ို แ€–ြแ€„္แ‚”แ€œွแ€…္แ€›แ€”္ แ€šေแ€”แ‚” (20.4.2016) แ€ြแ€„္ แ€žေแ€˜ာแ€ူ แ€†ုံးแฟแ€–แ€္ แ€ဲแ‚”แฟแ€•ီးแฟแ€–แ€…္แ€žแ€Š္။ แ€‘ို Foundation แ€กแ€€်ဳိးေแ€€်းแ€‡ူး၏ แ€•แ€‘แ€™ေแฟแ€แ€œွแ€™္းแ€กေแ€”แฟแ€–แ€„္แ‚” BIM Specialist Scholarship แ€žแ€„္แ€แ€”္းแ€€ို (10.5.2016, 1pm ~ 4pm) แ€ြแ€„္ แ€…แ€แ€„္แ€–ြแ€„္แ‚”แ€œွแ€…္แ€™แ€Š္แฟแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ แ€‘ိုแ€žแ€„္แ€แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္ ေแ€›ြးแ€်แ€š္แ€ံแ€›แ€žူแ€™်ားแ€กား 100% FOC ေแ€•းแ€žြားแ€™แ€Š္แฟแ€–แ€…္แ€žแ€Š္แ‚”แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€žแ€„္แ€แ€”္းแ€แ€„္แ€ြแ€„္แ‚” แ€กแ€„္แ€ာแ€—်ဴးแ€€ို (8.5.2016, 1pm) แ€ြแ€„္ แฟแ€•ဳแ€œုแ€•္แ€™แ€Š္แฟแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ แ€‘ိုแ€žแ€„္แ€แ€”္းแ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€žแ€„္แ€แ€”္းแ€žား แ€žแ€„္แ€แ€”္းแ€žူ (แแ€) แ€ฅီးแ€žာ ေแ€›ြးแ€်แ€š္แ€™แ€Š္แฟแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ CV แ€€ို Email แฟแ€–แ€„္แ‚” (30.4.2016) ေแ€”ာแ€€္แ€†ုံးแ€‘ားแฟแ€•ီး ေแ€•းแ€•ိုแ‚”ႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။ ေแ€›ာแ€€္แ€›ွိแ€œာေแ€žာ CV แ€‘ဲแ€™ွ แ€กแ€…แ€ฅ္แ€œိုแ€€္แ€œူแ€ฅီးေแ€› (แ‚แ€) แ€€ို แ€กแ€„္แ€ာแ€—်ဴးแ€™แ€Š္แฟแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€žแ€Š္။
Email: idg.bim@gmail.com
ေแ€œးแ€…ားแ€…ြာแฟแ€–แ€„္แ‚”

What is IQ, EQ & SQ ?

1. Understanding IQ, EQ and SQ..

Understanding IQ, EQ and SQ..
Physical Intelligence: Wise nutrition, Consistence balance exercises Proper rest, relaxation, stress management and preventing. Mental intelligent:Continuous, systematic, disciplined study and education Cultivation of self awareness, learning by teaching and doing. Emotional intelligent:Self awareness, Personal motivation, Self regulation, Empathy, Social skill. Spiritual Intelligence: Integrity ( Character building ) ,Meaning ( Purpose of life ),Voice( Self Enlightenment and motivate to other ) . IQ: Intelligence Quotient which measures rational thought abilities, is considered a critical ‘trait’ for leadership. IQ associated learning is step-by-step rule based learning. To be successful, you don’t have to be the smartest guy in the room, but you have to be smart enough. What ‘smart enough’ is depends on what kind of organization that you’re leading. EQ: Emotional intelligence is the ability to assess, access and control your emotions, and those of others. Basically, if you have emotional intelligence, you have the ability to perceive, understand, use, and manage emotions.There are lots of arguments about whether this is “real” intelligence, but most of us know people who are good at this and can see that there is something to it. Again, EQ is considered a requisite for success in leadership. SQ: Social intelligence is the ability to understand, manage, and navigate complex social networks. It is also called ‘interpersonal intelligence.’ Leaders of global organizations and project managers of virtual teams require this SQ to be successful. Some assert that autistic children have low social intelligence. As the world has grown more complex, as organizations have grown, changed, evolved, this intelligence has become more important. Perhaps the most controversial of the ‘Q’s', spiritual intelligence is defined as “the adaptive use of spiritual information to facilitate everyday problem solving and goal attainment." 5 components of spiritual intelligence: The capacity to transcend the physical and material. The ability to experience heightened states of consciousness. The ability to sanctify everyday experience. The ability to utilize spiritual resources to solve problems. The capacity to be virtuous.

2. IQ, EQ, SQ, PQ : What is it?

IQ, EQ, SQ, PQ : What is it?
Each of us has certain strengths and natural styles. We have all met (and perhaps are) the person who is incredibly book smart, but who has absolutely no common sense. We all know the incredibly smart arrogant emotional bully. Being too much of one of these, and not enough of the others makes you a “flat tire.” You can be successful–up to a point. Depending on your job (scientist, lawyer, teacher, executive) you need more of one and less of the others. To be successful in almost any job, however, you need some of all of these. EQ and IQ might be the Yin and Yang of leadership, but there are many other factors in play. The core of leadership comprises multiple intelligences — cognitive, spiritual, moral, behavioural, and emotional. Cognitive intelligence is the ability to understand information, imagine possibilities, use intuition, solve problems and make decisions. Spiritual intelligence is the ability to understand that human beings have a need for meaning, value and a sense of worth in what they do. Moral intelligence is the ability to differentiate right from wrong according to universal principles. Behavioural intelligence is the ability to act appropriately according to different situations. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand the needs and feelings of oneself and other people, manage one’s feelings, and respond to others in appropriate ways.

3. A New Paradigm of Intelligence...

A New Paradigm of Intelligence...
One who has developed intelligence has a great capacity to receive information, process it and analyse it. They are able to think in an abstract way, and also learn significant lessons from experience. However, research has shown that intelligence is not sufficient. The most intelligent people are not always the most successful and happy people in the world. Interestingly, they aren’t necessarily the people that change the world either (although some of them have). Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly talking about the need for Emotional Quotient (EQ). According to them, EQ is a basic requirement for successful utilization of IQ. Those with high EQ’s are able to effectively handle their own emotions, and simultaneously interact and relate with others successfully. Animals and humans have a tendency to act irrationally when certain emotions arise in their consciousness. In times of stress, anger and anxiety, intelligence is difficult to access. Thus, EQ deals with the human side of life and how we effectively function in the environments surrounding us. To some extent computers have the power of IQ. One could argue that animals have the power of IQ and EQ. So what sets humans apart? This is where the notion of SQ comes in – Spiritual Quotient. IQ and EQ help us in our present situations, but SQ is all about transformation. The spiritualist has the power to question on a deeper level – who am I, what are my needs, what goals should I be pursuing, and what will really make me happy. They may seem like simple questions, but if we analyse ourselves, how many times are we busily engaged in pursuing things without really questioning whether they are necessary, fulfilling and really adding value? Our lives are often centered around asking the question ‘how’, but SQ is all about asking the question ‘why’.

4. Values for Living...

Values for Living...
SQ replaces the ego with the soul, both as the seat of personal identity, and as the governor of IQ and EQ. SQ therefore exercises IQ and EQ from the soul, at the subject-pole of attention, instead of from the ego, at the object-pole of attention. When IQ (thought) and EQ (emotion) are governed by SQ (spirit), thoughts and emotions are transformed in quality and given a whole new purpose. Once these factors are analyzed and related to each other, it becomes clear that mental, physical and social factors all contribute to the holistic health of a person in the form of IQ, EQ and SQ. It can also be concluded that the health of whole human society depends on an individual’s health and the social factors. Health, education and moral institutions can combine to create a healthy atmosphere for the entire human society. Intellectual Quality is how we use our minds and how we think, not our ability to think or the measurement of our thinking in relation to the "norm".Emotional Quality how we react or respond to events and situations in our lives. It how we manage our emotions moment by moment, day after day. Social Quality is how we connect with and relate to others. It is how a student engages with other people in his or her environment.

5. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) - Is about thinking

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) - Is about thinking
IQ measures our cognitive ability but academic or cognitive intelligence alone offers little preparation for the emotional challenges we all have to face in the course of our daily lives. Measuring IQ alone is not enough; measuring the whole is more accurate and conclusive, IQ and EQ and SQ - a holistic approach.

6. Emotional Quotient (EQ) - Is about feeling

Emotional Quotient (EQ) - Is about feeling
EQ is a term used to represent other factors that can lead to healthy relationships and the ability to respond appropriately and positively to every day life. It is about recognising emotions and managing them. Emotions without a physical expression are collections of thoughts. Talking about emotions means we have to have an understanding and a language for feelings then we have to be able to articulate our feelings. EQ is about understanding ourselves, how we relate to others and how others perceive us. EQ also helps us to understand how others are feeling and enables us to develop more fulfilling and deeper relationships. All this is essential if we are to be able to manage and resolve conflict as and when it arises as well as functioning collaboratively and collectively in everyday situations.

7. Spiritual Quotient (SQ) - Is about being

Spiritual Quotient (SQ) - Is about being
SQ is very difficult to define. But it needs to be clear it is not about organised religion. SQ is about questions more than answers. It lives in stories, poetry, metaphor, uncertainty and paradox. One of the biggest qualities of SQ is wisdom. Ingredients of SQ are values such as courage, integrity, intuition, compassion, empathy and knowing the limits of your knowledge. SQ can also mean unlearning what others have taught you; questioning life issues; thinking laterally or outside the box; seeing situations and issues differently; having a greater understanding of all possibilities. Spirituality is an essential component of a holistic approach to life, its finds expression in creativity and all art forms and is the bit that adheres together our conscious intellect and our intelligent action. Spirituality sustains us from within when all else fails; spirituality allows us to dream, aspire and raise ourselves up.

8. Values for Living

Values for Living
Circle time, personal, social & emotional sessions (PSE) and class discussions should all make time for discussing some of the following: feelings, people who care for us, acts of kindness, support mechanisms, world disasters, death and values. This list is not exhaustive. Choose a value for the week both at home and in school and children are praised and given recognition for displaying this value. Peace Honesty Patience Courage Trust Respect Love Caring Happiness Kindness Friendship Tolerance Freedom Hope Of course all the above applies to all children but especially to gifted and talented children who do not always have mature levels of EQ and SQ. It's important we nurture such children in order that they are well-balanced and happy human beings.

9. Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire

Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire
Spiritual Intelligence can be seen as an extension of social and emotional intelligence. It is difficult to quantify but the following questionnaire is an attempt to assist us in getting in touch with others, the universe and ourselves. You as parents might want to compete this questionnaire as a starting point for exploring the issues surrounding the understanding of Spiritual Intelligence. Mark your score on a scale of 1-5 where 5 means you completely agree with the statement and 1 means you totally disagree. 1. My life has a sense of complete and positive purpose to it. 2. I feel a great connection to and often feel 'at one' with the universe and/or God. 3. I understand and have a deep knowledge of myself. I do what I say and express this in my being. 4. I am known for my playful, irrepressible and bubbling sense of humour and childlike (but not childish) view of the world. 5. I am deeply at peace with myself. 6. Other life forms generate in me a sense of awe, wonder, love and respect. 7. I achieve the right balance of appropriate caring for others. 8. I enjoy serving all people to the best of my ability and at every opportunity. 9. I am amazed at my capacity for wonder. Scoring 4's and 5's indicates a high SQ (spiritual quotient) Scoring 1's and 2's indicates a low SQ (spiritual quotient)
http://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/what-is-iq-eq-sq

แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€„ါးแ€›แ€•္ แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း

แ€•ါေแ€™ာแ€€แก ေแ€’ါแ€€္แ€ာေแ€กာแ€„္แ€‘ြแ€”္းแ€žแ€€္ ေแ€›းแ€žားေแ€žာ

แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€„ါးแ€›แ€•္ แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္းေแ€žแ€်ာแ€–แ€္แพแ€€แ€Š့္ေแ€…แ€်แ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€™ြแ€”္၊แ€™ွแ€”္แ€€แ€”္แ€แ€š္แ€œိုแ‚•
แ€šူแ€†แ€œိုแ‚•ျแ€•แ€”္แ€œแ€Š္แ€™ွ်ေแ€แ€œိုแ€€္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။.........


แ€œူแ€แ€…္ေแ€šာแ€€္แ€›ဲแ‚• แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ုိ แ€žာแ€™แ€”္แ€กားျแ€–แ€„့္ (IQ) แ€”ဲแ‚”แ€ုိแ€„္းแ€‘ြာေแ€œ့แ€›ွိแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€กျแ€•แ€Š့္ แ€กแ€…ုံแ€€ေแ€ာ့ Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ျแ€–แ€…္แ€แ€š္။ แ€œူแ€แ€…္แ€ฅီးแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ုိ แ€…แ€”แ€…္แ€ แ€€်แ€ုိแ€„္းแ€‘ြာแฟแ€•ီး แ€›แ€œာแ€ဲ့แ€กေျแ€– Quotient แ€€ုိ แ€›แ€Š္แ€Šႊแ€”္းแฟแ€•ီးแ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แ€‘ားแ€ာ ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แ€œြแ€š္แ€œြแ€š္ေျแ€•ာแ€›แ€›แ€„္ แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€žူแ€€ုိ ေแ€ာ္แ€ဲ့แ€žူแ€œုိแ‚”แ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ IQ ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€ဲ့แ€žူแ€Ÿာ ေแ€ာ္แ€แ€š္။ IQ แ€”ိแ€™့္แ€ဲ့แ€žူแ€Ÿာ แ€Šံ့แ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚”แ€•ဲ แ€šူแ€†แพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ ႏုိแ€„္แ€„ံျแ€ားแ€™ွာေแ€ာ့ IQ แ€€ုိ แ€…แ€”แ€…္แ€แ€€်แ€ုိแ€„္း แ€‘ြာแ€™ႈေแ€ြแ€œုแ€•္แพแ€€แ€แ€š္။

ျแ€™แ€”္แ€™ာျแ€•แ€Š္แ€™ွာေแ€ာ့ แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€žိแ€žေแ€œာแ€€္ แ€…แ€”แ€…္แ€แ€€်แ€œုแ€•္แ€‘ားแ€ာแ€™แ€›ွိ แ€˜ူး။ แ€œူแ€แ€…္แ€ฅီးแ€แ€…္ေแ€šာแ€€္แ€›ဲแ‚• IQ แ€Ÿာ แ€•်แ€™္းแ€™ွ်ျแ€แ€„္း แˆแ€ แ€”ဲแ‚” แแ‚แ€ แ€กแพแ€€ားแ€›ွိแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แแ‚แ€ แ€‘แ€€္แ€™်ားแ€›แ€„္ แ€žိแ€•္แ€‘ူးแ€แฝြแ€”္แ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚” แ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แฟแ€•ီး แˆแ€ แ€‘แ€€္แ€”แ€Š္းแ€›แ€„္ေแ€ာ့ แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€”ိแ€™့္แ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚” ေျแ€•ာေแ€œ့แ€›ွိแพแ€€ แ€แ€š္။ IQ แ€Ÿာ แ€—ီแ€‡แ€กေแ€•แšแ€กေျแ€แ€ံแ€แ€š္။ แ€แ€…္แ€”แ€Š္းေျแ€•ာแ€›แ€›แ€„္ แ€™ိแ€˜แ€™်ဳိးแ‚ုိးแ€กေแ€•แš แ€™ူแ€แ€Š္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

IQ แ€–ြံแ‚•แฟแ€–ိဳးแ€™ႈแ€Ÿာ ေแ€™ြးแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€်ိแ€”္แ€€แ€กแ€…ျแ€•ဳแฟแ€•ီး แ€กแ€žแ€€္ แแ ႏွแ€…္แ€”ဲแ‚” แแ‚ ႏွแ€…္แ€™ွာ ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€แ€€္แ€œာแฟแ€•ီး ေแ€”ာแ€€္แ€•ုိแ€„္းแ€™ွာ แ€ုိးแ€แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€™แ€›ွိေแ€ာ့แ€ာ ေแ€ြแ‚•แ€›แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€แ€…္แ€”แ€Š္းေျแ€•ာแ€›แ€„္ IQ แ€Ÿာ ေแ€™ြးแ€›ာแ€•ါแ€กแ€›แ€Š္แ€กแ€်แ€„္းแ€แ€…္แ€›แ€•္ ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

IQ แ€€ုိแ€แ€…္แ€–แ€€္แ€€ Mental Intelligence แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€œုိแ‚” แ€†ုိแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€žแ€™ားแ‚ုိးแ€€်แ€•แ€Šာ ေแ€›းแ€…แ€”แ€…္แ€Ÿာ IQ แ€€ုိแ€žာ แ€กာแ‚ုံแ€…ုိแ€€္แ€ာေแ€ြแ‚•แ€›แ€แ€š္။ ေแ€€်ာแ€„္းแ€…ာแ€™ွာေแ€ာ္แ€–ုိแ‚” แ€™ိแ€˜ေแ€ြေแ€›ာ၊ แ€†แ€›ာ၊ แ€†แ€›ာแ€™ေแ€ြแ€•ါ แ€ုိแ€€္แ€ြแ€”္းแ€แ€š္။ แ€…ာေแ€ာ္ျแ€แ€„္းแ€แ€…္แ€ုแ€แ€Š္းแ€€ုိแ€žာ แ€กေแ€œးแ€‘ားแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€’ါေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္ แ€œแ€Š္း แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားแ€™แ€œုแ€•္แ€–ုိแ‚”၊ แ€กႏုแ€•แ€Šာแ€™แ€œုိแ€€္แ€…ားแ€–ုိแ‚”၊ ေแ€•ါแ€„္းแ€žแ€„္းแ€†แ€€္แ€†ံแ€™ႈแ€™ွာ แ€กာแ‚ုံแ€™แ€…ုိแ€€္แ€–ုိแ‚”แ€ုိแ€€္แ€ြแ€”္း แฟแ€•ီးแ€…ာေแ€ာ္ျแ€แ€„္းแ€†ုိแ€ဲ့ แ€แ€…္แ€œแ€™္းแ€žြားแ€–ြံแ‚•แฟแ€–ိဳးแ€™ႈแ€€ုိ แ€กားေแ€•းแ€ဲ့แพแ€€แ€แ€š္။

แ€กแ€ုေแ€แ€္แ€™ွာေแ€ာ့ แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈ แ€„ါးแ€™်ဳိးแ€›ွိแ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚” แ€œแ€€္แ€ံแ€œာแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€œူแ€แ€…္ေแ€šာแ€€္แ€Ÿာ ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€ဲ့แ€žူျแ€–แ€…္แ€–ုိแ‚” แ€’ီแ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€„ါးแ€™်ဳိးแ€€ုိ ျแ€•ဳแ€…ုแ€–ုိแ‚”แ€œုိแ€กแ€•္แ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚” แ€œแ€€္แ€ံแ€œာแ€ဲ့แ€แ€š္။

แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†ုံးแ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ေแ€ာ့ Physical Intelligence (PQ) ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ‚ုแ€္แ€แ€›แ€€္ แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€›แ€„္ (PI) ျแ€–แ€…္แ€žแ€„့္แ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚” แ€‘แ€„္แพแ€€แ€™ွာแ€•ါแ€•ဲ။ แ€’ါေแ€•แ€™แ€š့္ေแ€…ာေแ€…ာแ€€ แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€แ€„္ျแ€•แ€ဲ့แ€žแ€œုိ Quotient แ€†ုိแ€ဲ့แ€›แ€œแ€’္แ€กေျแ€–แ€€ုိ แ€›แ€Š္แ€Šႊแ€”္းแ€ာแ€•ါ။ PQ แ€€แ€กแ€™ွแ€”္ေแ€ာ့ แ€€်แ€”္းแ€™ာေแ€›းแ€”ဲแ‚”แ€†ုိแ€„္แ€แ€š္။ แ€œူแ€แ€…္ ေแ€šာแ€€္แ€Ÿာ แ€€်แ€”္းแ€™ာแ€–ုိแ‚”แ€œုိแ€กแ€•္แ€แ€š္။ แ€™แ€€်แ€”္းแ€™ာแ€›แ€„္ แ€€်แ€”္แ€ာแ€˜ာแ€™ွ်แ€œုแ€•္แ€œုိแ‚”แ€›แ€™ွာ แ€™แ€Ÿုแ€္แ€•ါแ€˜ူး။ แ€’ါ ေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€€ แ€œူแ€„แ€š္ေแ€ြแ€กแ€กေแ€”แ€”ဲแ‚” PQ แ€€ုိแ€กာแ‚ုံแ€…ုိแ€€္ေแ€…แ€်แ€„္แ€แ€š္။ แ€™ိแ€˜ေแ€ြแ€กแ€ြแ€€္แ€œแ€Š္း แ€…แ€ฅ္းแ€…ားแ€žแ€„့္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€€ေแ€œးေแ€ြแ€€ုိ แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားแ€œုแ€•္แ€–ုိแ‚” แ€กားေแ€•းแ€›แ€™แ€š္။ ေแ€€်ာแ€„္းေแ€ြแ€™ွာแ€œแ€Š္း แ€กားแ€€ แ€…ားแ€€ုိแ€‘ိแ€‘ိေแ€›ာแ€€္ေแ€›ာแ€€္ แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€•းႏုိแ€„္แ€–ုိแ‚” แ€กေแ€›းแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€œွแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แ€แ€…္แ€်ိแ€”္แ€ုแ€”္းแ€€ แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားแ€€ုိ แ€กားแ€™ေแ€•းแ€့ဲแ€˜ူး။ แ€™แ€œုိแ€กแ€•္แ€ဲ့ แ€…ုိးแ€›ိแ€™္แ€™ႈေแ€ြေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္ แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားแ€œုแ€•္แ€ာ ေแ€ြแ€€ုိ แ€กแ€Ÿแ€”္แ‚”แ€กแ€ားျแ€•ဳแ€ဲ့แ€แ€š္။ แ€’ါေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€€ေแ€ာ့ แ€œူแ€„แ€š္ေแ€ြแ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားျแ€™ႇแ€„့္ แ€แ€„္แ€™ႈแ€€ုိ แ€กแ€™်ဳိးแ€žားေแ€›းแ€ာแ€แ€”္แ€แ€…္แ€›แ€•္แ€กေแ€”แ€”ဲแ‚” ေแ€†ာแ€„္แ€›ြแ€€္แ€›แ€™แ€š္။ แ€แ€…္แ€ါแ€€แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€แ€„္ျแ€•แ€့ဲแ€žแ€œုိ แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားแ€œုแ€•္ျแ€แ€„္းแ€Ÿာ แ€€ာแ€šแ€–ြံแ‚•แฟแ€–ိဳးแ€™ႈแ€žာแ€™แ€€ แฟแ€•ိဳแ€„္แ€˜แ€€္แ€€ုိေแ€œးแ€…ားแ€™ႈ၊ แ€กแ‚ႈံးแ€กႏုိแ€„္แ€€ုိ แ€™ွแ€”္แ€€แ€”္แ€ဲ့ แ€ုံแ‚”ျแ€•แ€”္ႏုိแ€„္แ€™ႈ၊ แ€”ားแ€œแ€Š္แ€™ႈแ€…แ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€€်ဳိးแ€แ€›ားေแ€ြแ€Ÿာ ေแ€›แ€ြแ€€္แ€œုိแ‚”แ€™แ€›ႏုိแ€„္แ€•ါแ€˜ူး။ แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားแ€œုိแ‚”ေျแ€•ာแ€ဲ့ေแ€” แ€›ာแ€™ွာแ€œแ€Š္း ေแ€„ြแ€€ုแ€”္ေแพแ€€းแ€€်แ€™်ားแ€ဲ့ แ€กားแ€€แ€…ားแ€™်ဳိးแ€€ုိแ€žာแ€™แ€Ÿုแ€္แ€˜ဲ แ€œူแ€ုိแ€„္းแ€œแ€€္แ€œွแ€™္းแ€™ီแ€ဲ့ แ€กားแ€€ แ€…ားေแ€ြ แ€กแ€™်ားแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€›ွိแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แ€’ုแ€ိแ€šแ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ ေแ€…ာေแ€…ာแ€€แ€กေแ€žးแ€…ိแ€္แ€แ€„္ျแ€•แฟแ€•ီးျแ€–แ€…္ แ€ဲ့ Mental Intelligence (IQ) ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แ€แ€ိแ€šแ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ Emotional Intelligence (EQ) ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

EQ แ€€แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း၊ แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲแ‚•แ€ံแ€…ားแ€™ႈ၊ แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲแ‚•แ€…ိแ€္แ€€ုိ แ€žိแ€žแ€œုိแ€™ိแ€™ိแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€‘ိေแ€ြแ‚•แ€†แ€€္แ€†ံေแ€”แ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြแ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€€ုိแ€œแ€Š္း แ€žိ ေแ€กာแ€„္แ‚€แ€€ိဳးแ€…ားႏုိแ€„္ျแ€แ€„္း ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ EQ ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€™ားแ€ဲ့แ€žူแ€Ÿာ แ€€ုိแ€š္แ€်แ€„္းแ€…ာแ€…ိแ€္แ€›ွိแ€ဲ့แ€žူ ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€กေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€†ုံးแ€žာแ€“แ€€แ€€ แ€†แ€›ာแ‚€แ€€ီး Gandhi ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€žူแ€€แ€žူแ‚”แ€›ဲแ‚•แ€แ€•แ€Š့္ေแ€ြแ€”ဲแ‚”แ€กแ€ူ แ€˜ူแ€ာแ‚ုံแ€แ€…္ แ€ုแ€€ แ€‘ြแ€€္ေแ€ာ့แ€™แ€š့္แ€›แ€‘ားแ€€ုိ แ€กแ€™ီแ€œုိแ€€္แ€›แ€„္း แ€…ီးแ€œာแ€ဲ့แ€–ိแ€”แ€•္แ€แ€…္แ€–แ€€္ แ€€แฝြแ€္แ€€်แ€ဲ့แ€แ€š္။ แ€–ိแ€”แ€•္แ€€แฝြแ€္ แ€ာแ€€ုိแ€žိแ€žိแ€်แ€„္း แ€†แ€›ာแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€€ แ€€်แ€”္แ€ဲ့แ€แ€…္แ€–แ€€္แ€€ုိแ€šူแฟแ€•ီး แ€€်แ€žြားแ€ဲ့แ€–ိแ€”แ€•္แ€”ဲแ‚” แ€กแ€”ီးแ€†ုံးေแ€›ာแ€€္ေแ€กာแ€„္ แ€•แ€…္แ€œုိแ€€္แ€แ€š္။ แ€žူแ‚”แ€›ဲแ‚•แ€œုแ€•္แ€›แ€•္แ€€ုိ แ€แ€•แ€Š့္ေแ€ြแ€€ แ€˜ာေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€’ီแ€œိုแ€œုแ€•္แ€œုိแ€€္แ€ာแ€œဲแ€œုိแ‚”ေျแ€•ာေแ€ာ့ แ€กแ€ုแ€†ုိแ€›แ€„္ ေแ€€ာแ€€္แ€›แ€ဲ့แ€žူแ€€ แ€–ိแ€”แ€•္แ€แ€…္แ€›แ€”္แ€กျแ€•แ€Š့္แ€›แฟแ€•ီแ€œုိแ‚” ျแ€•แ€”္ေျแ€•ာแ€ဲ့แ€แ€š္။ IQ ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€™ားแ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြแ€ုိแ€„္း EQ แ€™ျแ€™แ€„့္แพแ€€แ€•ါแ€˜ူး။ IQ ျแ€™แ€„့္ေแ€•แ€™แ€š့္ EQ แ€”ိแ€™့္แ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြ แ€กแ€™်ားแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€›ွိแ€ာေแ€ြแ‚•แ€›แ€แ€š္။။ แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲแ‚•แ€ံแ€…ားแ€™ႈေแ€ြ แ€žာေแ€›ွแ‚•แ€แ€”္းแ€แ€„္แฟแ€•ီး แ€แ€…္แ€–แ€€္แ€žားแ€›ဲแ‚•แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း แ€‘แ€Š့္แ€™แ€ြแ€€္แ€แ€္แ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြ แ€กแ€™်ားแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€›ွိေแ€”แ€ာ แ€แ€™္းแ€”แ€Š္းแ€…แ€›ာေแ€ြแ‚•แ€›แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แ€แ€…္แ€ုေแ€ာ့แ€›ွိแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ IQ แ€Ÿာေแ€™ြးแ€›ာแ€•ါျแ€–แ€…္ေแ€•แ€™แ€š့္ EQ แ€€ေแ€ာ့ျแ€•ဳแ€…ုแ€œုိแ‚”แ€›แ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€›แ€Š္แ€กแ€်แ€„္းแ€แ€…္แ€›แ€•္ ျแ€–แ€…္แ€แ€š္။ แ€˜แ€แ€™ွာေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€–ုိแ‚” IQ แ€แ€…္แ€ုแ€แ€Š္းแ€กားแ€€ုိးแ€œုိแ‚”แ€™ျแ€–แ€…္แ€˜ူး။ EQ แ€›ွိแ€™ွျแ€•แ€Š့္แ€…ုံแ€™ွာ။ แ€แ€…္แ€–แ€€္แ€€ ေแ€ာ့ EQ แ€žာแ€›ွိแฟแ€•ီး IQ แ€”ိแ€™့္ေแ€”แ€›แ€„္แ€œแ€Š္း แ€กแ€†แ€„္แ€™ေျแ€•ျแ€•แ€”္แ€˜ူး။

แ€…แ€ုแ€ၳแ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ แ€šုံแพแ€€แ€Š္แ€€ုိးแ€€ြแ€š္แ€™ႈแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€•แ€္แ€žแ€€္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€แ€…္แ€”แ€Š္းေျแ€•ာแ€›แ€›แ€„္ Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) ျแ€–แ€…္แ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€ုแ€กแ€်ိแ€”္แ€™ွာ แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€ုိแ‚”ႏုိแ€„္แ€„ံแ€™ွာ SQ แ€กแ€‘ူးแ€œုိแ€กแ€•္ေแ€” แ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚” แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€‘แ€„္แ€แ€š္။ แ€šုံแพแ€€แ€Š္แ€€ုိးแ€€ြแ€š္แ€™ႈแ€Ÿာ แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€แ€…္แ€ฅီးแ€်แ€„္းแ€”ဲแ‚”แ€†ုိแ€„္แ€แ€š္

แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲแ‚•แ€šုံแพแ€€แ€Š္แ€€ုိးแ€€ြแ€š္แ€™ႈแ€€ုိ ျแ€™แ€္ႏုိးแ€–ုိแ‚”แ€œုိแ€กแ€•္แ€žแ€œုိ แ€แ€…္แ€–แ€€္แ€žားแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€šုံแพแ€€แ€Š္แ€€ုိးแ€€ြแ€š္แ€™ႈแ€€ုိ ေแ€œးแ€…ားแ€–ုိแ‚” แ€œုိแ€แ€š္။ แ€šုံแพแ€€แ€Š္แ€€ုိးแ€€ြแ€š္แ€™ႈแ€†ုိแ€ာแ€Ÿာ แ€กแ€„္แ€™แ€แ€”္แ€™ွ แ€žိแ€™္ေแ€™ြแ‚•แ€ဲ့၊ ေแ€œးแ€”แ€€္แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€›ာแ€แ€…္แ€ုျแ€–แ€…္แ€แ€š္။ แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€Ÿာแ€—ုแ€’แถแ€˜ာแ€žာแ€แ€„္แ€แ€…္แ€ฅီးျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€›ွแ€„္ေแ€ာ္แ€—ုแ€’แถแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€žြแ€”္แ€žแ€„္แ€†ုံးแ€™แ€™ႈေแ€ြแ€€ုိ แ€šုံแ€šုံแพแ€€แ€Š္ แพแ€€แ€Š္แ€”ဲแ‚” แ€œုိแ€€္แ€”ာแ€€်แ€„့္แ€žုံးေแ€”แ€žแ€œုိ แ€กျแ€ားแ€˜ာแ€žာแ€แ€„္แ€แ€…္แ€ฅီးแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€šုံแพแ€€แ€Š္แ€€ိုးแ€€ြแ€š္แ€™ႈแ€€ုိแ€œแ€Š္း แ€กแ€žိแ€ก แ€™ွแ€္ျแ€•ဳแ€›แ€™แ€š္။

แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€˜ာแ€žာေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€แ€š္။ แ€ျแ€ားแ€˜ာแ€žာแ€™ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€˜ူးแ€†ုိแ€ဲ့ แ€กေแ€ြးแ€กေแ€แšေแ€ြ แ€™แ€›ွိแ€žแ€„့္แ€˜ူး။ แ€กแ€…ြแ€”္း แ€แ€›ားေแ€ြแ€€ုိ ေแ€›ွာแ€„္แ€›ွားแ€–ုိแ‚”แ€žိแ€•္แ€œုိแ€กแ€•္ေแ€”แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€ုแ€œုိေျแ€•ာแ€ာแ€€ုိ แ€œแ€€္แ€™แ€ံแ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြแ€›ွိแ€™ွာ ေแ€žแ€်ာ แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€’ါေแ€•แ€™แ€š့္ แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€€ေแ€ာ့ ျแ€™แ€„့္ျแ€™แ€္แ€ဲ့แ€กေแ€ြးแ€กေแ€แš၊ แ€กแ€šူแ€กแ€†ေแ€ြ แ€œူေแ€ြแ€™ွာแ€›ွိแพแ€€ แ€แ€š္။ แ€›ွိႏုိแ€„္แ€แ€š္แ€œုိแ‚” แ€šူแ€†แ€™ိแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

ေแ€”ာแ€€္แ€†ုံး แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ แ€™်แ€€္ေแ€™ွာแ€€္ေแ€แ€္ (แ‚แ) แ€›ာแ€…ုแ€™ွာแ€•ုိแฟแ€•ီး แ€กေแ€›းแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€œာแ€ာေแ€ြแ‚•แ€› แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ ျแ€™แ€”္แ€™ာႏုိแ€„္แ€„ံแ€™ွာ ျแ€•ဳျแ€•แ€„္ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแ€œဲแ€™ႈေแ€ြေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္ แ€€แ€™แ‚“ာแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€‘ိေแ€ြแ‚•แ€†แ€€္แ€†ံแ€œာแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€•ူးေแ€•ါแ€„္းแ€†แ€€္แ€†ံแ€™ႈแ€†ုိแ€ာแ€€ုိ แ€œแ€€္แ€ံแ€œာแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။

ႏုိแ€„္แ€„ံျแ€ားแ€›แ€„္းႏွီးျแ€™ႇုဳแ€•္ႏွံแ€™ႈေแ€ြေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္ ႏုိแ€„္แ€„ံျแ€ားแ€žား ေแ€ြแ€•ုိแ€„္แ€†ုိแ€„္แ€ဲ့แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းေแ€ြ ျแ€™แ€”္แ€™ာျแ€•แ€Š္แ€™ွာ แ€แ€Š္ေแ€‘ာแ€„္แ€œာแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€ုแ€œုိแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းေแ€ြแ€œုแ€•္แ€–ုိแ‚” แ€…ီแ€…แ€ฅ္แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ါ ျแ€™แ€”္แ€™ာแ€ုိแ€„္းแ€›แ€„္းแ€žားေแ€ြแ€€ုိ แ€›ွာေแ€–ြแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€€ူแ€กแ€Šီေแ€ာแ€„္းแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€’ီแ€œုိแ€•ဲ ျแ€™แ€”္แ€™ာแ€•ုိแ€„္แ€€ုแ€™แธแ€ီေแ€ြแ€€แ€œแ€Š္း ႏုိแ€„္แ€„ံျแ€ားแ€แ€”္แ€‘แ€™္းေแ€ြแ€€ုိ ေแ€›ြးแ€်แ€š္แ€แ€”္แ‚”แ€‘ားแ€œာแ€ာ ေแ€ြแ‚•แ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€ုแ€œုိ ေแ€†ာแ€„္แ€›ြแ€€္แ€ာแ€€ ႏုိแ€„္แ€„ံျแ€ားแ€ိုแ€„္းျแ€•แ€Š္ေแ€ြแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€กေျแ€แ€กေแ€”แ€€ုိ แ€žိေแ€กာแ€„္แ€›แ€š္၊ ျแ€•แ€Š္แ€ြแ€„္းแ€กေျแ€แ€กေแ€” ေแ€ြ แ€”ားแ€œแ€Š္แ€žေแ€˜ာေแ€•ါแ€€္ေแ€กာแ€„္ Cultural Intelligence (CQ) แ€œုိแ‚”ေแ€แšแ€ဲ့ แ€šแ€ฅ္ေแ€€်းแ€™ႈแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€•แ€္แ€žแ€€္ แ€ဲ့แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€€ုိ ျแ€•ဳแ€…ုแ€–ိုแ‚”แ€†ုိแ€ာแ€•ဲ ျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แ€šแ€ฅ္ေแ€€်းแ€™ႈแ€™แ€ူแ€žူေแ€ြแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€†แ€€္แ€†ံแ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ါ (CQ) แ€Ÿာแ€กแ€œြแ€”္แ€กေแ€›းแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ (CQ) ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€™ားแ€ဲ့แ€žူ แ€Ÿာ แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲแ‚•แ€šแ€ฅ္ေแ€€်းแ€™ႈแ€€ုိျแ€™แ€္ႏုိးแ€žแ€œုိ แ€แ€…္แ€–แ€€္แ€žားแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€šแ€ฅ္ေแ€€်းแ€™ႈแ€€ုိแ€œแ€Š္း ေแ€œးแ€…ားแ€–ုိแ‚”แ€œုိแ€แ€š္။ แ€œแ€€္แ€”ဲแ‚”แ€‘แ€™แ€„္းแ€…ားแ€ဲ့ แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€ုိแ‚” ျแ€™แ€”္แ€™ာေแ€ြแ€กေแ€”แ€”ဲแ‚” แ€ူแ€”ဲแ‚”แ€…ားแ€ဲ့ แ€แ‚ုแ€္แ€œူแ€™်ဳိး၊ แ€‡ြแ€”္း၊ แ€แ€›แ€„္းแ€žုံးแ€ဲ့ แ€กေแ€”ာแ€€္แ€ုိแ€„္းแ€›แ€„္းแ€žားေแ€ြแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€กေแ€œ့แ€กแ€‘แ€€ုိ แ€‚แ‚ုိแ€…ုိแ€€္แ€›แ€™แ€š္။ (CQ) ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€™ားแ€ဲ့แ€žူแ€Ÿာ แ€šแ€ฅ္ေแ€€်းแ€™ႈแ€™ แ€ူแ€ဲ့ แ€กေျแ€แ€กေแ€”แ€™ွာ แ€œုိแ€€္ေแ€œ်ာแ€Šီေแ€‘ြแ€…ြာ แ€œႈแ€•္แ€›ွားႏုိแ€„္แ€žူျแ€–แ€…္แ€แ€š္။ แ€แ€„္แ€†ံ့แ€แ€š္။ แ€”ားแ€œแ€Š္แ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€žိแ€กแ€™ွแ€္ျแ€•ဳแ€แ€š္။

แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€แ€…္แ€›แ€•္แ€€ုိ แ€กแ€€်แ€ฅ္းแ€်ဳံးแ€แ€„္ျแ€•แ€›แ€›แ€„္ PQ, IQ, EQ, SQ แ€”ဲแ‚” CQ แ€ိုแ‚”ျแ€–แ€…္แ€แ€š္။ แ€’ီแ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈ แ€„ါးแ€ုแ€Ÿာแ€œူแ€แ€…္ေแ€šာแ€€္แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€กแ€œြแ€”္แ€กေแ€›းแ€•ါแ€œွแ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ PQ ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€™ားแ€™ႈ แ€Ÿာ แ€กแ€žแ€€္แ€›ွแ€„္แ€žแ€”္ေแ€›းแ€”ဲแ‚”แ€•แ€္แ€žแ€€္แฟแ€•ီး IQ แ€Ÿာ แ€žแ€„္แ€šူ၊ แ€ံแ€šူแ€™ႈแ€”ဲแ‚”แ€†ုိแ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ EQ แ€€ေแ€ာ့ ေแ€™แ€ၱာ แ€แ€›ားแ€”ဲแ‚”แ€†ုိแ€„္แฟแ€•ီး SQ แ€€ေแ€ာ့ แ€œူแ€แ€…္แ€ฅီးแ€›ဲแ‚•ေแ€œးแ€”แ€€္แ€ဲ့ แ€กေแ€™ြแ€กႏွแ€…္แ€”ဲแ‚” แ€†ုိแ€„္แ€แ€š္။ CQ แ€€ေแ€ာ့ แ€™แ€ူแ€Šီ แ€™ႈแ€€ုိ แ€กားแ€šူႏုိแ€„္แ€ဲ့ แ€กားแ€•ဲျแ€–แ€…္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แ€€แฝြแ€”္ေแ€ာ္แ€€ေแ€ာ့ แ€กแ€ြแ€„့္แ€กေแ€›းแ€›แ€ုိแ€„္း แ€œူแ€„แ€š္ေแ€ြแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€€ုိแ€š္แ€›แ€Š္แ€€ုိแ€š္ေแ€žြးျแ€™แ€„့္แ€™ားေแ€…แ€œုိแ€แ€š္။ ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြ ျแ€–แ€…္ေแ€…แ€်แ€„္แ€แ€š္။ แ€’ါေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€œแ€Š္း แ€กแ€ြแ€„့္แ€กေแ€›းแ€›แ€ုိแ€„္း ေแ€Ÿာေျแ€•ာแ€•ဲြေแ€ြแ€œုแ€•္ေแ€•း แ€ဲ့၊ แ€…ာေแ€ြေแ€›းแ€ဲ့แ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€™ွแ€”္ေแ€ာ့ แ€œူแ€„แ€š္ေแ€ြแ€žာแ€™แ€€ แ€œူแ€œแ€္၊ แ€œူแ‚€แ€€ီးแ€กားแ€œုံး แ€‰ာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€‘แ€€္ ျแ€™แ€€္แ€™ႈแ€„ါးแ€›แ€•္แ€€ုိ ျแ€•แ€Š့္แ€…ုံႏုိแ€„္แ€•ါေแ€…แ€œုိแ‚” แ€†ႏแตျแ€•ဳแ€กแ€•္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။

แพแ€žแ€‚ုแ€္ (แ„) แ€›แ€€္၊ แ‚แ€แแ„ แ€ုႏွแ€…္
ျแ€™แ€”္แ€™ာ့แ€กแ€œแ€„္းแ€žแ€แ€„္းแ€…ာแ€™ွ

EQ แ€”ဲแ‚” IQ แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း(Posted By Dr.Aung Myo)


EQ แ€”ဲแ‚” IQ แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း(Posted By Dr.Aung Myo)
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แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္แ€ုုိ ့แ€„แ€š္แ€„แ€š္แ€€ I.Q แ€†ိုုแ€ဲ့ ေแ€ါแ€Ÿာแ€› ေแ€ာ္ေแ€ာ္ ေแ€แ€္แ€…ားแ€ာ แ€™ွแ€္แ€™ိေแ€žးแ€แ€š္။
I.Q แ€†ိုုแ€ာ Intelligent Quotient แ€ฅာแ€္แ€›แ€Š္แ€€ိုု แ€ုုိแ€„္းแ€ာแ€ဲ ့แ€กแ€Šႊแ€”္းแ€€ိแ€”္းေแ€•ါ့။
I.Q ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€›แ€„္ แ€ฅာแ€္ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€แ€š္ေแ€•ါ ့.. แ€…ာေแ€ာ္แ€ဲ့แ€žူ။ ေแ€€်ာแ€„္းแ€™ွာ แ€‘ူးแ€แฝြแ€”္แ€ဲ့แ€žူแ€†ုုိ แ€›แ€„္ I.Q ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€แ€š္แ€แ€š္แ€œုုိ ့ေျแ€•ာแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ แ€œြแ€”္แ€ဲ့แ€ဲ့ แแ€ แ€”ွแ€…္။ แแ… ႏွแ€…္ ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€€แ€…ျแ€•ီး E.Q แ€†ုုိแ€ာ ေแ€แ€္แ€…ားแ€œာแ€แ€š္။ E.Q แ€†ိုုแ€ာ Emotional Quotient ။แ€œြแ€š္แ€œြแ€š္ေျแ€•ာแ€›แ€„္ แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲแ‚• แ€…ိိแ€္แ€ံแ€…ားแ€™ႈแ€€ို แ€‘ိแ€”္းแ€žိแ€™္းแ€”ိုုแ€„္แ€ဲ ့แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္။ แ€แ€”แ€Š္း แ€…ိแ€္แ€›แ€„့္แ€€်แ€€္แ€™ႈ แ€กแ€Šြแ€”္းแ€€ိแ€”္းေแ€•ါ့။ แ€˜ာแ€œုုိแ‚”แ€œဲแ€†ိုုေแ€ာ ့ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€ဲ ့แ€žူေแ€ြ แ€›ဲ ့ I.Q ေแ€›ာ၊ E.Q ေแ€›ာ แ€ုုိแ€„္းแพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€ဲ ့แ€กแ€ါ I.Q ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြแ€‘แ€€္ E.Q ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြแ€Ÿာ แ€˜แ€แ€™ွာ แ€•ိုု ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€ာ ေแ€ြแ‚”แ€›แ€แ€š္။
แ€†ုုိแ€œိုုแ€ာแ€€ แ€˜แ€แ€™ွာ ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€–ုုိแ‚”แ€†ုုိแ€›แ€„္ แ€ฅာแ€္ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€–ိုု ့แ€‘แ€€္ แ€…ိแ€္แ€“ါแ€္ แ€›แ€„့္แ€€်แ€€္၊ แ€ုုိแ€„္แ€™ာแ€™ႈแ€€ แ€•ိုုแ€กေแ€›း แพแ€€ီးแ€แ€š္แ€†ုုိแ€ဲ့ แ€žေแ€˜ာေแ€•ါ ့။
แ€œြแ€”္แ€ဲ့แ€ဲ့ แ€แ€…္แ€•ါแ€္แ€€ Harvard Business Review แ€…ာแ€กုုแ€•္แ€‘ဲแ€€ Daniel Goleman ေแ€›းแ€ဲ့ What makes a Leader? (แ€˜แ€š္แ€กแ€›ာแ€€ ေแ€ါแ€„္းေแ€†ာแ€„္ ျแ€–แ€…္ေแ€…แ€žแ€œဲ) แ€†ုုိแ€ဲ့ ေแ€†ာแ€„္းแ€•ါး แ€–แ€္แ€›ေแ€ာ ့E.Q แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္းေแ€›းแ€‘ားแ€ာ ေแ€ာ္ေแ€ာ္ แ€žေแ€˜ာแ€€်แ€แ€š္။ แ€žူแ€€ E.Q แ€†ိုုแ€ာ แ€˜ာแ€œဲแ€œုုိ ့ေျแ€•ာแ€›ံုုแ€แ€„္ แ€™แ€€แ€˜ူး။ E.Q ျแ€™แ€„့္ေแ€กာแ€„္ แ€˜แ€š္แ€œုုိ ေแ€œ့แ€€်แ€„့္แ€”ုိแ€„္แ€แ€š္แ€†ုုိแ€ာ ေျแ€•ျแ€•แ€‘ားแ€ာ။ แ€กแ€€်แ€ฅ္းแ€်ဳแ€•္แ€€ိုု ေแ€กာแ€€္แ€™ွာ แ€–แ€္แพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€•ါ... “แ€กแ€–ြဲ ့แ€กแ€…แ€Š္းေแ€ြแ€™ွာ แ€žိแ€•္ေแ€ာ္แ€ဲ့ေแ€ါแ€„္းေแ€†ာแ€„္ေแ€ြแ€”ဲ ့แ€žာแ€™แ€”္ ေแ€ါแ€„္းေแ€†ာแ€„္ေแ€ြแ€€ိုု แ€€ြဲျแ€•ားေแ€…แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€›ာแ€€ technical skill แ€กแ€แ€္แ€•แ€Šာ แ€€แฝြแ€™္းแ€€်แ€„္แ€™ႈ แ€™แ€Ÿုုแ€္แ€•ါแ€˜ူး..แ€ဲ့။ แ€แ€€แ€š္ေแ€ာ ့E.Q แ€œိုု ့ေแ€แšแ€ဲ ့ แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲ ့แ€…ိိแ€္แ€ံแ€…ားแ€™ႈแ€€ိုု แ€‘ိแ€”္းแ€žိแ€™္းแ€”ိုုแ€„္แ€ဲ့ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္။ แ€แ€”แ€Š္း แ€…ိแ€္แ€›แ€„့္แ€€်แ€€္แ€™ွဳแ€•ါ..แ€ဲ ့။ E.Q ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€ဲ ့ေแ€ါแ€„္းေแ€†ာแ€„္ေแ€ြ แ€กုုแ€•္แ€်ဳแ€•္แ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€–ြဲ ့แ€กแ€…แ€Š္းแ€แ€…္แ€ုုแ€Ÿာ แ€ႏွแ€…္แ€€ို ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€™ွဳ แ‚แ€% แ€•ိုု แ€ုုိးแ€แ€€္แ€ာ ေแ€ြ ့แ€›แ€•ါแ€แ€š္..แ€ဲ့။ E.Q/E.I (Emotional Intelligence) แ€…ိแ€္ แ€“ါแ€္ แ€›แ€„္ ့แ€€်แ€€္แ€™ွဳ แ€กแ€Šြแ€”္းแ€€ိแ€”္းแ€™ွာ แ€•ါ แ€ဲ ့..แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ေแ€ြแ€€ေแ€ာ ့.. (แ) Self-awareness; (แ€™ိแ€™ိ แ€€ိုုแ€š္แ€€ုုိ แ€žိแ€ာ)แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€›ဲ ့แ€กားแ€žာแ€်แ€€္၊ แ€กားแ€”แ€Š္းแ€်แ€€္ေแ€ြ။แ€™ိแ€™ိ แ€€ แ€กေျแ€•ာแ€กแ€†ုုိ။ แ€กျแ€•ဳแ€กแ€™ူေแ€ြ แ€€ แ€žူแ€แ€•ါး แ€กေแ€•แš แ€˜แ€š္แ€œုုိ แ€žแ€€္ေแ€›ာแ€€္แ€™แ€š္แ€†ုုိ แ€ာ แ€€ိုု แ€žိแ€ာ.. (แ‚) Self-regulation(แ€™ိแ€™ိแ€€ိုုแ€š္ แ€€ိုု แ€‘ိแ€”္းแ€žိแ€™္းแ€”ိုုแ€„္แ€ာ) (แ€…ိแ€္แ€†ိုုး၊แ€…ိแ€္ แ€Šแ€…္၊ေแ€’ါแ€ž แ€‘ြแ€€္แ€…แ€›ာ ေแ€ြแ€›ွိ แ€›แ€„္) แ€™ိแ€™ိ แ€€ိုုแ€š္ แ€€ိုု แ€‘ိแ€”္း แ€်ဳแ€•္ แ€”ုုိแ€„္แ€ာ။แ€’ါแ€™ွ แ€™แ€Ÿုုแ€္.แ€กာแ€›ံုုေျแ€•ာแ€„္း แ€”ိုု္แ€„္แ€ာ) (แƒ) Motivation: แ€…ိแ€္ေแ€•်ာ္แ€›ႊแ€„္แ€™ွဳ။ แ€…ိแ€္ แ€แ€€္แพแ€€ြ แ€™ွဳ แ€€ိုု แ€‘ိแ€”္းแ€žိแ€™္းแ€”ိုုแ€„္แ€ာ. (แ„) Empathy: แ€žူแ€แ€•ါးแ€›ဲ ့แ€…ိแ€္ แ€ံแ€…ား แ€်แ€€္ แ€€ိုု แ€”ားแ€œแ€Š္แ€ာ. (แ…) Social skill: แ€กျแ€ားแ€žူေแ€ြ แ€”ဲ ့แ€†แ€€္แ€†ံေแ€›းေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€™ြแ€”္၊แ€šံုုแพแ€€แ€Š္ แ€™ွဳ แ€แ€Š္ေแ€†ာแ€€္ျแ€•ီး แ€€ိုုแ€š္ แ€œုုိ แ€်แ€„္แ€ဲ ့แ€•แ€”္းแ€ုုိแ€„္แ€€ိုု แ€ฆးေแ€†ာแ€„္แ€”ုုိแ€„္แ€ာ แ€•ါ ..แ€ဲ့။ แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္ แ€ုုိ ့แ€กားแ€œံုးแ€™ွာ..แ€กဲแ€’ီ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ แ… แ€ုု แ€€
ေแ€™ြး แ€€แ€ဲ แ€€ แ€›ွိ แพแ€€แ€•ါแ€แ€š္..แ€ဲ့။แ€กแ€်ိဳ ့แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ ေแ€ြแ€™ွာ แ€กားแ€”แ€Š္း ေแ€”แ€ာ၊แ€กแ€်ိဳ့ แ€…ြแ€™္း แ€›แ€Š္ ေแ€ြแ€™ွာ ျแ€™แ€„့္ေแ€”แ€ာ ေแ€ာ ့แ€›ွိ แ€แ€္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္..แ€ဲ့။ แ€กဲ แ€’ီ แ€…ြแ€™း္แ€›แ€Š္ေแ€ြแ€€ိုု แ€•ိုုแ€™ိုု แ€กားေแ€€ာแ€„္းေแ€กာแ€„္ ေแ€œ့แ€€်แ€„့္ แ€œုုိ ့แ€›แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ ေแ€œ့แ€€်แ€„့္แ€–ုုိ ့แ€”แ€Š္းေแ€ြแ€€ေแ€ာ ့...แ€‡ြဲ แ€›ွိแ€›ွိแ€”ဲแ‚” แ€œ့แ€€်แ€„့္แ€ာ၊ แ€™ိแ€္ေแ€†ြေแ€ြ၊ ေแ€œ့แ€€်แ€„့္ေแ€•းแ€ဲ ့แ€†แ€›ာေแ€ြแ€†ီแ€€ ေแ€แ€–แ€”္၊ แ€กแพแ€€ံေแ€•းแ€™ႈေแ€ြ ေแ€ာแ€„္းแ€ံแ€ာแ€•ါ แ€•ဲ..แ€ဲ့။ “
แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္ แ€€ိုုแ€š့္แ€€ိုုแ€š္แ€€ို แ€†แ€”္းแ€…แ€…္แ€ဲ ့แ€”แ€Š္းแ€€ေแ€ာ ့แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္แ€แ€…္แ€ုုแ€™ွာ แ€กแ€™ွแ€္ျแ€•แ€Š္ ့แ€€ แแ€แ€ แ€†ုုိแ€›แ€„္ แ€„ါ แ€˜แ€š္ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€›แ€™แ€œဲ แ€…แ€ฅ္းแ€…ားแพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€ာ။ แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္ (แ) แ€…ြแ€™း္แ€›แ€Š္แ€™ွာ แ€กแ€™ွแ€္ แ„แ€ ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€•ဲ แ€›แ€”ုုိแ€„္แ€แ€š္แ€‘แ€„္แ€แ€š္။ แ€”ံแ€•ါแ€္(แ‚) แ€€်ေแ€ာ ့แ€กแ€™ွแ€္ แƒแ€ ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€•ဲแ€›ွိแ€™แ€š္။ แ€กแ€™ွแ€္ (แ„) แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ แ€€ေแ€ာ ့แ€™แ€†ုုိးแ€˜ူး။ แ€กแ€™ွแ€္ แ‡แ€ แ€‘ိ ေแ€•းแพแ€€แ€Š္ ့แ€‘ားแ€แ€š္။ แ€กแ€™ွแ€္ (แƒ)แ€”ဲ ့(แ…) แ€€ေแ€ာ ့ แ…แ€ ေแ€€်ာ္၊แ†แ€ ေแ€œာแ€€္แ€›ွိ แ€™แ€œားแ€™แ€žိแ€˜ူး။ แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္แ€€ေแ€ာ့ แ€€ုိแ€š့္แ€™ွာ แ€กားแ€”แ€Š္း ေแ€”แ€ဲ့ แ€•แ€‘แ€™ แ‚ แ€ုု self-awareness แ€”ဲ ့self-regulation แ€€ိုု ေแ€œ့แ€€်แ€„့္ေแ€”แ€แ€š္။ ေแ€ာ္ေแ€ာ္ แ€กแ€€ိ်ဳး แ€›ွိแ€แ€š္แ€—်။ แ€™ိแ€္ေแ€†ြ ေแ€ြ၊แ€žူแ€„แ€š္แ€်แ€„္းေแ€ြแ€œဲ แ€˜แ€š္แ€Ÿာေแ€ြ ေแ€œ့แ€€်แ€„္ ့แพแ€€แ€™แ€œဲ။
E.Q ေแ€€ာแ€„္းေแ€กာแ€„္......
แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္ E.Q แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း ေแ€›းแ€ဲ ့แ€…ာ ေแ€•แšแ€™ွာ comment แ€แ€…္แ€ုုေแ€›းแ€‘ားแ€ာ แ€–แ€္ แ€›แ€แ€š္။ แ€˜ာေแ€›းแ€‘ားแ€žแ€œဲ แ€†ုုိေแ€ာ ့..” แ€žေแ€˜ာแ€€ေแ€ာ့ E.Q แ€•ဲแ€€်แ€„့္แ€œို ့แ€›แ€แ€š္။ I.Q แ€”ိแ€™့္แ€›แ€„္ေแ€ာ့ แ€˜ာแ€™ွแ€œုแ€•္แ€œို ့แ€™แ€›แ€˜ူးေแ€•ါ့ေแ€”ာ္”..แ€ဲ ့။ แ€…ိแ€္แ€แ€„္แ€…ားแ€…แ€›ာ ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€ဲ ့ comment ေแ€œးแ€—် ။ แ€žူေျแ€•ာแ€™ွ I.Q แ€กေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း แ€†แ€€္ေแ€ြးแ€™ိแ€œိုု ့ေแ€›းแ€‘ားแ€ာแ€•ါ... แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္แ€ုုိ ့แ€€ I.Q แ€œုုိ ့แ€†ုုိ แ€›แ€„္ ေแ€€်ာแ€„္းแ€™ွာ แ€…ာေแ€ာ္แ€ာ၊ ေแ€€်ာแ€„္းแ€žแ€„္ แ€˜ာแ€žာแ€›แ€•္ แ€™ွာ แ€‘ူးแ€แฝြแ€”္แ€ာ แ€”ဲ ့แ€•ဲ แ€†แ€€္แ€…แ€•္ေแ€ြးေแ€œ့แ€›ွိแพแ€€แ€แ€š္။ I.Q ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€ဲ ့แ€žူแ€œိုု ့ေျแ€•ာแ€œုုိแ€€္แ€›แ€„္ แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္ แ€…ျแ€™แ€„္แ€ဲ ့แ€žူแ€€ แ€กုုိแ€„္းแ€…แ€ုုိแ€„္း ေแ€•ါ့။ แ€ฅာแ€္ แพแ€€ီးแ€›ွแ€„္ แพแ€€ီးေแ€•ါ ့။ ေแ€˜ာแ€œံုုး แ€™ွာ แ€กแ€„္แ€™แ€แ€”္ แ€‘ူးแ€แฝြแ€”္ แ€ဲ ့့แ€•ီแ€œီ แ€ိုု ့၊แ€กแ€ုု ေแ€แ€္ แ€†ိုု แ€™แ€€္แ€†ီ แ€ိုု ့။ แ€‚ီแ€ แ€™ွာ แ€€แ€™แปာေแ€€်ာ္แ€ဲ ့ แ€™ုိแ€€္แ€€แ€š္แ€‚်แ€€္แ€†แ€„္แ€ိုု ့၊ แ€™แ€€္ေแ€’ါแ€”ားแ€ိုု ့ แ€€ိုု I.Q แ€”ဲ ့แ€†แ€€္แ€…แ€•္ျแ€•ီး แ€™ေแ€ြးแฟแ€–แ€…္แ€˜ူး။ แ€แ€€แ€š္ေแ€ာ ့แ€žူแ€ုုိ ့แ€œဲ I.Q ျแ€™แ€„္ ့ ့ แ€ဲ့แ€žူေแ€ြแ€•ဲ။ แ€˜ာแ€œိုု ့แ€œဲ แ€†ုုိေแ€ာ ့ Intelligence แ€ฅာแ€္ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€แ€š္၊แ€แ€”แ€Š္း แ€…ြแ€™္းေแ€†ာแ€„္แ€›แ€Š္ ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€แ€š္ แ€†ုုိ แ€ာ แ€ြဲ ျแ€แ€™္း แ€…ိแ€္ ျแ€–ာแ€”ုုိแ€„္แ€ဲ ့แ€ฅာแ€္ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္(Analytical Intelligence) แ€แ€ုု แ€‘ဲ แ€™แ€Ÿုုแ€္แ€˜ူးแ€ဲ့။ Intelligence แ€ฅာแ€္ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ แ€™ွာ แ€กแ€”ဲ แ€†ံုုး แ‡ แ€™်ိဳးေแ€œာแ€€္ေแ€ာแ€„္ แ€›ွိแ€žแ€ဲ့။ แ€†แ€›ာ แ€€ိုု แ€ာ ေแ€›းแ€ဲ ့ “ျแ€–แ€”္ ့แ€‘ြแ€€္ေแ€ြးျแ€แ€„္း แ€”ဲ ့แ€กแฟแ€ားแ€…ာแ€แ€”္းแ€™်ား “ แ€…ာแ€กုုแ€•္แ€‘ဲ แ€€ Howard Gardner แ€›ဲ့ Theory of multiple Intelligence แ€€ိုု แ€€ိုုးแ€€ားျแ€•ီး ေแ€›းแ€‘ားแ€ဲ့ แ€…ာแ€•ုုแ€’္แ€€ိုု แ€–แ€္ แพแ€€แ€Š္ ့ေแ€…แ€်แ€„္แ€แ€š္..
“แ€Ÿိုုးแ€แ€’္แ€‚ါแ€’แ€”ာ แ€Ÿူေแ€žာ แ€Ÿားแ€˜แ€္ แ€•แ€Šာေแ€€်ာแ€„္းแ€™ွ แ€•ါေแ€™ာแ€€แก แพแ€€ီးแ€€ แ€ုုိแ€„္းแ€ာแ€œိုု ့แ€›ေแ€žာ แ€ฅာแ€္แ€…ြแ€™း္แ€›แ€Š္ (แ‡) แ€™ိ်ဳး แ€›ွိแ€žแ€Š္แ€Ÿုု ေျแ€•ာแพแ€€ားေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း၊
แ€‘ိုု แ€ုုႏွแ€…္แ€™်ိဳးแ€™ွာ......
แ။ แ€•แ€‘แ€™ แ€แ€…္แ€™်ဳိးแ€™ွာ แ€ဲြแฟแ€แ€™္းแ€…ိแ€္แฟแ€–ာႏုိแ€„္แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ (Analytical Intelligence) แฟแ€–แ€…္แฟแ€•ီး แ€…ာေแ€™းแ€•ဲြแ€™်ား၊แ€กုိแ€„္แ€€်ဴแ€™်ားႏွုแ€„့္ แ€ုိแ€„္းแ€ာေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း။
แ‚။แ€’ုแ€ိแ€š แ€แ€…္แ€™်ဳိးแ€™ွာ แ€•ုံေแ€–ာ္ႏုိแ€„္แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ (Pattern Intelligence) แฟแ€–แ€…္แฟแ€•ီး แ€กแ€›ာแ€แ€‘ၱဳแ€™်ား၏ แ€žแ‚‘แ€”္แ€€ုိแ€žိแฟแ€แ€„္း၊แ€•ုံแ€žแ‚‘แ€”္แ€€ုိ แ€ီแ€‘ြแ€„္ႏုိแ€„္แฟแ€แ€„္းแ€™်ားแฟแ€–แ€…္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း။ แ€žแ€်ာၤแ€•แ€Šာแ€›ွแ€„္แ€™်ား၊ แ€€ြแ€”္แ€•်ဳแ€ာแ€•แ€›ုိแ€‚แ€›แ€™္แ€™်ား၊แ€กႏုแ€•แ€Šာแ€›ွแ€„္แ€™်ား แ€›ွိေแ€žာ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္แ€™်ဳိးแฟแ€–แ€…္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း။แ€žူแ€ုိแ‚•แ€™ွာ แ€•ုံေแ€–ာ္แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€กแ€„္၌ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္แฟแ€™แ€„့္แ€™ားแ€œွေแ€žာ္แ€œแ€Š္း แ€žာแ€™แ€”္แ€กแ€แ€”္းแ€แ€„္ แ€…ာေแ€™းแ€•ဲြแ€™်ား၌ แ€€်ႏုိแ€„္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း၊
แƒ။แ€แ€ိแ€š แ€แ€…္แ€™်ိဳးแ€™ွာ แ€€ာแ€šแ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ (physical intelligence) แฟแ€–แ€…္แฟแ€•ီး ေแ€˜ာแ€œုံးแ€žแ€™ားแ€™်ား ၊ေแ€›แ€€ုးแ€žแ€™ားแ€™်ား၊ေแ€‚ါแ€€္แ€žแ€™ားแ€ုိแ‚•แ€ြแ€„္ แ€›ွိแ€แ€္၍ แ€žူแ€ုိแ‚•แ€ြแ€„္ แ€กแฟแ€ားแ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ แ€›ွိแ€်แ€„္แ€™ွ แ€›ွိแ€™ွာ แฟแ€–แ€…္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း။
แ„။ (Musical intelligence)-แ€‚ီแ€ แ€กแ€”ုုแ€•แ€Šာแ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္..
แ…။แ€•แ€ฅแฅแ€™ แ€แ€…္แ€™်ဳိးแ€™ွာ แ€œแ€€္ေแ€ြแ‚•แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ (Practical Intelligence) แฟแ€–แ€…္แฟแ€•ီး แ€ီแ€—ြီแ€แ€…္แ€œုံးแ€€ုိ แ€œแ€™္းแ€Šႊแ€”္แ€œႊာ แ€™แ€•ါแ€•ဲ แฟแ€–ဳแ€္၍ แฟแ€•แ€”္แ€แ€•္ႏုိแ€„္ေแ€žာ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္แ€แ€…္แ€™်ဳိး แฟแ€–แ€…္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း၊ แ€กแ€…ိแ€္แ€กแ€•ုိแ€„္းแ€”ာแ€™แ€Š္แ€€ုိ ေแ€แšแ€แ€္แ€်แ€„္แ€™ွ ေแ€แšแ€แ€္แ€™ွာ แฟแ€–แ€…္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း။
แ†။แ€†แ€Œแ€™ แ€แ€…္แ€™်ဳိးแ€™ွာ แ€ံแ€…ားแ€žိႏုိแ€„္แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ (Intrapersonal Intelligence) แฟแ€–แ€…္แฟแ€•ီး แฟแ€„ိแ€™္แฟแ€„ိแ€™္ แ€žแ€€္แ€žแ€€္ ေแ€”แ€แ€္၊แ€™ွ်ေแ€แ€ံแ€…ားแ€แ€္၍ แ€€แ€—်ာแ€†แ€›ာแ€™်ား၊แ€กแ€ုိแ€„္แ€•แ€„္แ€ံ (Counsellors) แ€™်ား แฟแ€–แ€…္แ€œာแ€แ€္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း။
แ‡။แ€žแ€ၱแ€™ แ€แ€…္แ€™်ဳိးแ€™ွာ แ€žแ€Ÿာแ€š แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ (Interpersonal Intelligence) แฟแ€–แ€…္แฟแ€•ီး แ€กแ€™်ားႏွแ€„့္แ€œုแ€•္แ€แ€္၊ေแ€”แ€แ€္၊แ€€ိแ€…แฅแฟแ€•ီးေแฟแ€™ာแ€€္ေแ€กာแ€„္ ေแ€†ာแ€„္แ€›ြแ€€္แ€แ€္ေแ€žာ แ€™แ€”္ေแ€”แ€‚်ာแ€™်ားแ€ြแ€„္ แ€›ွိแ€›แ€™แ€Š့္ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္แ€™်ဳိးแฟแ€–แ€…္ေแพแ€€ာแ€„္း။”
แ€†แ€›ာ แ€€ိုုแ€ာแ€›ဲ ့แ€…ာแ€กုုแ€•္แ€‘ဲแ€™ွာ แ€•ဲ แ€†แ€€္ေแ€›းแ€‘ားแ€ာ แ€€..” แ€်ားแ€œ္แ€…္แ€Ÿแ€”္แ€’ီ แ€€ แ‚แ แ€›ာแ€…ုုแ€™ွာ ေแ€€်ာแ€„္းแ€žားေแ€ြ แ€›ဲ ့แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ แ€€ိုု แ€ြဲျแ€แ€™္း แ€”ုုိแ€„္แ€ဲ့ แ€…ြแ€™္းแ€›แ€Š္ (Analytical Intelligence) แ€แ€…္แ€ုု แ€‘ဲ (แ€…ာေแ€™းแ€•ြဲ แ€แ€…္แ€ုု แ€แ€Š္း) แ€”ဲ ့ แ€†แ€”္แ€€ာแ€် ေแ€”แ€ဲ ့แ€€ိแ€…แฅ แ€€ေแ€ာ ့ แ€แ€š္ แ€™แ€”ိแ€•္แ€œွ แ€˜ူး แ€Ÿုု ေျแ€•ာแ€•ါ แ€žแ€Š္ “ แ€ဲ ့။
แ€กဲแ€’ီ แ€…ာแ€€ေแ€” แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္ แ€†แ€€္ ေแ€ြး แพแ€€แ€Š္ ့แ€™ိแ€แ€š္။ ...แ€€ိုုแ€…ိုုးแ€žူแ€ိုု ့၊ ျแ€–ူျแ€–ူေแ€€်ာ္แ€žိแ€”္း แ€ုုိ ့၊ แ€†แ€›ာแ€™ แ€‚်ဴး ၊แ€†แ€›ာ ေแ€–ျแ€™แ€„့္แ€ိုု ့แ€†แ€›ာ แ€แ€”္ ေแ€ြ ေแ€•แ€™แ€š့္ แ€žူแ€ိုု ့แ€›ဲ့ Intelligence แ€€ แ€กแ€”ုုแ€•แ€Šာ แ€–แ€”္แ€ီး แ€ဲ့ แ€˜แ€€္แ€™ွာ แ€กားแ€žแ€”္ေแ€ာ ့ แ€กဲแ€’ီ แ€˜แ€€္แ€™ွာ ျแ€™ႇဳแ€•္ႏွံ แ€œုုแ€•္แพแ€€ေแ€ာ ့แ€”ုုိแ€„္แ€„ံေแ€€်ာ္ แ€กแ€”ဳแ€•แ€Šာแ€›ွแ€„္ ေแ€ြ။ แ€…ာေแ€• แ€•แ€Šာแ€›ွแ€„္ေแ€ြ แ€กျแ€–แ€…္ ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္ แ€‘ူးแ€แฝြแ€”္ ေแ€”แพแ€€แ€ာေแ€”แ€™ွာ ..แ€œိုု ့။ แ€†แ€›ာ ေแ€™ာแ€„္แ€…ိแ€”္แ€แ€„္း(แ€•ုုแ€ီแ€€ုုแ€”္း)၊ แ€†แ€›ာ ေแ€กာ္แ€•ီแ€€်แ€š္แ€ုုိ ့ แ€†ုုိแ€›แ€„္ แ€กแ€„္แ€‚်แ€„္แ€”ီแ€šာေแ€ြแ€•ါแ€•ဲ။ แ€žူแ€ိုု แ€กားแ€žแ€”္ แ€ဲ ့ แ€…ြแ€™္းေแ€†ာแ€„္ แ€›แ€Š္ Intelligence แ€€ိုု แ€›ွာေแ€ြ ့ ျแ€•ီး แ€กဲแ€’ါแ€€ိုု แ€–ြံ ့ျแ€–ိဳး ေแ€กာแ€„္ แ€œုုแ€•္แ€ဲ ့แพแ€€แ€œုုိแ‚”แ€žာ ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แพแ€€แ€ာ..แ€œိုု ့။
แ€แ€€แ€š္ေแ€ာ ့แ€€်ေแ€”ာ္ แ€ိုု ့แ€™ွာ ေแ€™ြးแ€€แ€แ€Š္းแ€€ แ€€ိုုแ€š္แ€กားแ€žแ€”္แ€ဲ့ Intelligence แ€ฅာแ€္ แ€…ြแ€™္းေแ€†ာแ€„္แ€›แ€Š္ แ€œိုု ့ေแ€แšแ€ဲ ့ ” แ€‡ “ေแ€œးေแ€ြ แ€•ါแ€œာแ€•ံုုုုแ€›แ€แ€š္။ แ€€ိုုแ€š္แ€›ဲ ့Intelligence แ€€ แ€˜ာแ€œဲ แ€†ုုိแ€ာ ျแ€™แ€„္ေแ€กာแ€„္ แพแ€€แ€Š္ ့ျแ€•ီး แ€–ြံ ့แฟแ€–ိဳး ေแ€กာแ€„္ ေแ€œ့แ€€်แ€„္ ့แ€”ိုုแ€„္ แ€›แ€„္ แ€‘ူးแ€แฝြแ€”္ ေแ€กာแ€„္ျแ€™แ€„္แ€žူေแ€ြ ျแ€–แ€…္ แ€œာแ€™ွာแ€•ဲ။ แ€€်ေแ€”ာ့ แ€™ိแ€္ေแ€†ြ၊แ€žူแ€„แ€š္แ€်แ€„္းแ€ိုု ့ေแ€›ာ ..แ€ฅာแ€္แ€…ြแ€™း္แ€›แ€Š္ (แ‡) แ€™ိ်ဳး แ€‘ဲแ€€ แ€€ိုုแ€š္แ€›ဲ ့แ€แ€€แ€š့္ แ€…ြแ€™္း แ€›แ€Š္ แ€Ÿာ แ€˜แ€š္แ€Ÿာျแ€–แ€…္ แ€™แ€š္แ€‘แ€„္แ€žแ€œဲ။ แ€€ိုုုုแ€š္ ့แ€Šီ၊แ€Šီแ€™ေแ€ြ။ แ€žား၊แ€žแ€™ီးေแ€ြแ€™ွာแ€œแ€Š္း แ€žူแ€ုုိ ့แ€›ဲ ့ Intelligence แ€€ แ€˜ာျแ€–แ€…္แ€™แ€š္แ€‘แ€„္ แ€žแ€œဲ။ แ€กဲแ€’ီ Intelligence แ€€ိုု แ€–ြံ ့ျแ€–ိဳး ေแ€กာแ€„္ แ€œုုแ€•္ ေแ€•း แ€–ုုိ ့ แ€€ แ€‘ူးแ€แฝြแ€”္ ေแ€กာแ€„္ ျแ€™แ€„္ แ€–ုုိ ့แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€กေแ€›းแพแ€€ီးแ€แ€š္ แ€™แ€Ÿုုแ€္แ€œား แ€—်ာ...
ေแ€’ါแ€€္แ€ာ ေแ€กာแ€„္แ€™်ိဳး

Monday, April 18, 2016

แ€แ€”္ ့แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€™ႈေแ€ြ แ€˜ာေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€™ွားแพแ€€แ€žแ€œဲ ( Why estimates goes wrong )



Why estimates goes wrong
แ€แ€”္ ့แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€™ႈေแ€ြ แ€˜ာေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€™ွားแพแ€€แ€žแ€œဲ
แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€กုံแ€แ€Š္ေแ€†ာแ€„္ေแ€›းแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းေแ€ြ แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ‚€แ€€ိဳแ€แ€„္แ€แ€”္ ့แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แพแ€€แ€ဲ့ estimate ေแ€ြแ€Ÿာ ေแ€กာแ€€္แ€•ါแ€กแ€်แ€€္ေแ€ြေแ€•แš แ€™ူแ€แ€Š္แฟแ€•ီး แ€™ွားႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္แ€ဲ့။
(1) Unusual / bad benchmarking 
แ€†แ€„္แ€ူแ€ဲ့ แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€กုံแ€•ဲแ€†ိုแฟแ€•ီး แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€แ€Š္ေแ€†ာแ€€္แฟแ€•ီးแ€žား แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€กုံแ€แ€…္แ€ုแ€›ဲ ့ estimate แ€€ို แ€”แ€™ူแ€”ာ แ€šူแ€œိုแ€€္แ€™ိแ€ာ။ แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€กုံ แ€ူေแ€•แ€™แ€š့္ แ€•แ€္แ€แ€”္းแ€€်แ€„္ ေျแ€™แ€™်แ€€္ႏွာแ€žြแ€„္ျแ€•แ€„္ ေแ€’แ€žแ€กေျแ€แ€กေแ€”ေแ€ြ แ€™แ€ူแ€Šီေแ€ာ့ แ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်แ€ာแ€€ แ€™แ€ူႏိုแ€„္แ€˜ူးေแ€•ါ့။
(2) Unclear / Incomplete design 
แ€•ုံแ€…ံေแ€ြแ€€ို แ€›ွแ€„္းแ€›ွแ€„္းแ€œแ€„္းแ€œแ€„္း แ€ိแ€ိแ€€်แ€€် แ€กေแ€žးแ€…ိแ€္ แฟแ€•ီးแ€…ီးေแ€กာแ€„္ แ€™ေแ€›းแ€†ြဲแ€•ဲ แ€œိုแ€กแ€•္แ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€်แ€€္แ€กแ€œแ€€္แ€แ€…္แ€်ိဳ ့แ€€ို แ€กแพแ€€แ€™္းျแ€–แ€Š္းแ€•ဲ แ€แ€”္ ့แ€™ွแ€”္း แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แพแ€€แ€ာ။
(3) Untested Innovations / Techniques 
แ€กแ€†แ€„္ေျแ€•แ€™ေျแ€• ေแ€žေแ€žแ€်ာแ€်ာ แ€™แ€žိႏိုแ€„္ေแ€žးแ€ဲ့ แ€”แ€Š္းแ€œแ€™္းแ€กแ€žแ€…္ေแ€œးေแ€ြแ€€ို แ€žုံးแพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€ာ။ แ€กแ€แ€္แ€†แ€”္းแพแ€€แ€Š့္แ€ာေแ€•ါ့။ แ€•ုံแ€™ွแ€”္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€”แ€ာေแ€ြႏွแ€„့္ แ€™แ€ူေแ€ာ့ แ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်ေแ€„ြแ€œဲ แ€™แ€ူႏိုแ€„္แ€˜ူး แ€†ိုแ€•ါေแ€ာ့။
(4) Contractors desperation
แ€€แ€”္แ€‘แ€›ိုแ€€္แ€ာแ€€ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€›แ€်แ€„္ေแ€‡ာႏွแ€„့္ แ€กแ€›ဲแ€…ြแ€”္ ့แฟแ€•ီး ေแ€…်းႏူแ€”္းေแ€ြแ€€ို ေแ€œွ်ာ့แฟแ€•ီး แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€ာ။ แ€กแ€…แ€‘ဲแ€€ ေแ€œွ်ာ့แ€‘ားแ€ဲ့ estimate แ€†ိုแ€™ွေแ€ာ့ แ€แ€€แ€š္ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€်ိแ€”္ แ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်แ€ာႏွแ€„့္ แ€™แ€ူႏိုแ€„္ေแ€ာ့แ€˜ူး။
(5) Pressure of over reduction by client
แ€กိแ€™္แ€›ွแ€„္แ€กแ€™်ားแ€…ုแ€€ေแ€ာ့ แ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်ေแ€„ြแ€€ို ေแ€œွ်ာ့แ€်แ€„္แ€™ွာแ€•ဲ။ แ€กဲแ€’ီแ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€–ိแ€กား แ€กแฟแ€™ဲေแ€•းแ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။ แ€กဲแ€’ါแ€€ แ€‘ုံးแ€…ံแ€•ါ။ แ€กဲแ€’ီแ€–ိแ€กားแ€€ို แ€™แ€ံႏိုแ€„္แ€œို ့ ေแ€œွ်ာ့แ€™ိแ€›ာแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€š္แ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်แ€ဲ့ ေแ€„ြႏွแ€„့္ แ€™แ€€ိုแ€€္ေแ€ာ့แ€ာ။
(6) Not Employing a Qualified Quantity Surveyor
แ€€แฝြแ€™္းแ€€်แ€„္แฟแ€•ီး แ€กแ€›แ€Š္แ€กแ€်แ€„္းแ€›ွိแ€ဲ့ แ€แ€”္ ့แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€žူ estimator แ€€ို แ€™แ€ိုแ€„္းแ€ဲ့แ€ာ။ แ€กဲแ€’ီေแ€ာ့ estimate แ€€ แ€™ွားေแ€ာ့แ€™ေแ€•ါ့။
(7) Unexpected Environmental situations
แ€™ေแ€™ွ်ာ္แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€‘ားแ€ဲ့ แ€žแ€˜ာแ€แ€•แ€္แ€แ€”္းแ€€်แ€„္ แ€กေျแ€แ€กေแ€” แ€ฅแ€•แ€™ာแ€กားျแ€–แ€„့္ แ€™ုแ€”္แ€ိုแ€„္း แ€˜ာแ€Šာ แ€ိုแ€€္แ€™แ€š္ ေแ€›แ‚€แ€€ီးေแ€›แ€œွ်ံแ€™แ€š္ ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€›း แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္ แ€กแ€•်แ€€္แ€กแ€…ီးေแ€ြ แ€›ွိแ€™แ€š္ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းေแ€ြ ေႏွာแ€„့္ေแ€”ွးแ€™แ€š္။ แ€กဲแ€’ါေแ€ြแ€กแ€ြแ€€္ แ€‘แ€Š့္แ€žြแ€„္း แ€™แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€‘ားေแ€ာ့ แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€‘ားแ€ာႏွแ€„့္ แ€™แ€ူႏိုแ€„္ေแ€ာ့แ€˜ူး။
(8) Human Incursions / Nuisance
ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€›းแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္ ေแ€”แ€›ာေแ€ြแ€™ွာ แ€œူေแ€ြแ€€ แ€€်ဴးေแ€€်ာ္แ€แ€„္ေแ€›ာแ€€္ ေแ€”แ€‘ိုแ€„္แพแ€€แ€™แ€š္။ แ€กေႏွာแ€„့္แ€กแ€šွแ€€္ေแ€•းแ€™แ€š္။ แ€กဲแ€’ါေแ€ြแ€€ို ေျแ€–แ€›ွแ€„္းแ€›แ€™แ€š္။ แ€กแ€်ိแ€”္ေแ€ြแ€€ုแ€”္แ€™แ€š္။ ေแ€„ြေแ€ြ แ€€ုแ€”္แ€™แ€š္။
(9) Market Fluctuations
ေแ€…်းแ€€ြแ€€္แ€™แ€แ€Š္แ€™แฟแ€„ိแ€™္ျแ€–แ€…္แ€™ႈေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္ ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€›းแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š္း ေแ€…်းႏူแ€”္းေแ€ြ แ€กแ€แ€€္แ€กแ€€်แ€›ွိแ€™แ€š္။ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™ာ แ€•ြแ€„့္แ€œแ€„္းแ€›ာแ€žီႏွแ€„့္ แ€™ိုးแ€ြแ€„္း ေแ€…်းႏူแ€”္းေแ€ြ แ€™แ€ူႏိုแ€„္แ€˜ူး။ ေแ€…်းႏူแ€”္းแ€€်แ€ာแ€€ แ€€ိแ€…แฅแ€™แ€›ွိแ€˜ူး။ แ€แ€€္ေแ€…်းแ€™ိแ€›แ€„္ေแ€ာ့ แ€”ာแฟแ€•ီ။
(10) Change in Specifications
แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€œုแ€•္ေแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ္แ€™ွာ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€…ံႏူแ€”္းแ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แ€်แ€€္ေแ€ြ แ€กေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแ€กแ€œဲแ€›ွိแ€ာ။ แ€…ံႏူแ€”္းแ€žแ€္แ€™ွแ€္แ€်แ€€္ေแ€ြ ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းေแ€ာ့ แ€œုแ€•္แ€›แ€ာေแ€ြแ€œဲ ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแฟแ€•ီး แ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်ေแ€„ြแ€œဲ ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแฟแ€•ီ။
(11) Redesigning or remodelling
แ€•ုံแ€…ံေแ€ြ ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแ€ာ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™ာแ€กားျแ€–แ€„့္ แ€กแ€แ€”္းแ€€ แ€€်แ€Š္းแ€แ€š္ แ€်ဲ ့แ€်แ€„္แ€แ€š္แ€ို ့ แ€™်แ€€္ႏွာแ€…ာแ€™ွာ แ€กဲแ€’ါေแ€œး แ€‘แ€Š့္แ€œိုแ€€္แ€›แ€„္ แ€•ိုแพแ€€แ€Š့္ေแ€€ာแ€„္းแ€žြားแ€™แ€š္ แ€†ိုแ€ာေแ€ြแ€€ แ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်ေแ€„ြแ€€ို ေျแ€•ာแ€„္းแ€œဲေแ€…แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။
(12) Procurement Timing 
แ€œုแ€•္แ€›แ€™แ€š့္แ€กแ€œုแ€•္ေแ€ြ แ€แ€š္แ€›แ€™แ€š့္ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š္းေแ€ြแ€€ แ€žူ ့แ€กแ€်ိแ€”္ႏွแ€„့္ แ€žူแ€œုแ€•္แ€›แ€ာแ€•ါ။ แ€်ိแ€”္แ€ါแ€™แ€€ိုแ€€္ แ€œုแ€•္แ€™ိแ€œို ့ แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€‘ားแ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€ိုแ€„္း แ€™แ€Ÿုแ€္ေแ€ာ့แ€ာ။
(13) Not buying in bulk
แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š္းေแ€ြ แ€แ€š္แ€šူแ€›ာแ€™ွာ แ€œိုแ€กแ€•္แ€်แ€€္แ€กแ€ိုแ€„္း แ€กေแ€›แ€กแ€ြแ€€္ႏွแ€„့္ แ€™แ€แ€š္แ€™ိแ€ာแ€€แ€œဲ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€€ို แ€‘ိแ€ိုแ€€္ႏိုแ€„္แฟแ€•ီး แ€แ€”္ ့แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€‘ားแ€ာႏွแ€„့္ แ€€ြဲแ€œြဲႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™ာ แ€ိแ€€ာแ€ိုแ€„္းแ€€ာ แ€แ€š္แ€šူแ€ာแ€™်ိဳး။
(14) Inadequate or wrong measurement of plan
แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€กแ€…ီแ€กแ€…แ€ฅ္ေแ€ြ แ€™ွားแ€ာ แ€™ျแ€•แ€Š့္แ€…ုံแ€ာေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€œဲ แ€™ွားแ€šြแ€„္းแ€ဲ့ estimate ေแ€ြ แ€›ႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။
(15) Wastage
แ€แ€€แ€š္แ€แ€”္းေျแ€•ာแ€›แ€›แ€„္ estimate แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€…แ€ฅ္แ€™ွာ wastage แ€กေแ€œแ€กแ€œြแ€„့္ေแ€ြ แ€‘แ€Š့္แ€žြแ€„္းแ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แฟแ€•ီးแ€žားแ€•ါ။ แ€’ါေแ€•แ€™แ€š့္ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္แ€™ွာ แ€กေแ€œแ€กแ€œြแ€„့္ေแ€ြแ€€ แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€‘ားแ€ာแ€‘แ€€္ แ€•ိုแ€™်ားแ€œာႏိုแ€„္แ€ာแ€™်ိဳးแ€œဲ แ€›ွိแ€•ါေแ€žးแ€แ€š္แ€ဲ့။
(16) Accidents
ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€›းแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္แ€™ွာ แ€™ေแ€ာ္แ€แ€†แ€™ႈေแ€ြ ျแ€–แ€…္แ€™แ€š္ แ€†ိုแ€•ါแ€€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š္းေแ€ြ แ€†ုံးแ€›ႈံးแ€™แ€š္။ แ€œူေแ€ြ แ€‘ိแ€ိုแ€€္แ€’ါแ€္แ€›ာแ€›แ€™แ€š္။ แ€กแ€แ€”္ ့แ€™แ€žแ€„့္แ€›แ€„္ แ€กแ€žแ€€္แ€กႏၱแ€›ာแ€š္ေแ€ာแ€„္ แ€›ွိႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္။ accident แ€†ိုแ€™ွေแ€ာ့ แ€›ွแ€„္းေแ€•ေแ€ာ့แ€•ဲ။ แ€›ွแ€„္းแ€›แฟแ€•ီ แ€†ိုแ€™ွေแ€ာ့ แ€€ုแ€”္แฟแ€•ီေแ€•ါ့။
(17) Improper or absence of statutory legal documentations
แ€กေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€กแ€กုံ ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€›းႏွแ€„့္ แ€•แ€္แ€žแ€€္แ€ဲ့ แ€œိုแ€กแ€•္แ€ဲ့ แ€ြแ€„့္ျแ€•ဳแ€်แ€€္ แ€…ာแ€›ြแ€€္แ€…ာแ€แ€™္းေแ€ြ แ€™แ€™ွแ€”္แ€€แ€”္แ€ာ ျแ€•แ€Š့္ျแ€•แ€Š့္แ€…ုံแ€…ုံ แ€™แ€›ွိแ€ာေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္ แ€…แ€…္ေแ€†းေแ€ြ ့แ€›ွိแ€ဲ့แ€•ါแ€€ แ€’ါแ€္แ€›ိုแ€€္ แ€กေแ€›းแ€šူแ€ံแ€›แ€ာေแ€ြ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€›แ€•္แ€แ€”္ ့แ€›แ€ာေแ€ြ แ€›ွိแ€•ါแ€™แ€š္။ 
(18) Dispute on Property
แ€•ိုแ€„္แ€†ိုแ€„္แ€™ႈ แ€กျแ€„แ€„္းแ€•ြားแ€ာแ€™်ိဳး แ€›ွိแ€ဲ့ ေျแ€™แ€€ြแ€€္แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€™แ€žိแ€•ဲ ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€›းแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္း แ€œုแ€•္แ€œိုแ€€္แ€™ိแ€แ€š္။ ျแ€•ႆแ€”ာแ€แ€€္ေแ€ာ့ แ€žြားေแ€›ာ။
(19) Theft of materials on site
แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္ site แ€€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š္းေแ€ြ แ€ိုးแ€ွแ€€္แ€žူေแ€ြ แ€›ွိแ€ာ။ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š္း แ€กေแ€•်ာแ€€္แ€กแ€›ွ แ€›ွိေแ€ာ့ แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€‘ားแ€ာแ€‘แ€€္ แ€•ိုแ€€ုแ€”္แ€™แ€š္။
(20) Logistics and Preliminaries, process hundles
แ€žแ€š္แ€šူแ€•ို ့ေแ€†ာแ€„္ေแ€›းแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းေแ€ြ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ိဳแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€…แ€ฅ္ေแ€ြแ€™ွာ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းေแ€ြ แ€กแ€แ€€္แ€กแ€ဲแ€›ွိแ€ာေแ€ြေแพแ€€ာแ€„့္แ€œဲ แ€™ေแ€™ွ်ာ္แ€™ွแ€”္းแ€‘ားแ€ဲ့ แ€กแ€•ိုแ€€ုแ€”္แ€€်แ€™ႈေแ€ြ แ€›ွိႏိုแ€„္แ€•ါแ€แ€š္แ€ဲ့။
estimate แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€ဲ့แ€กแ€ါ แ€กဲแ€’ါေแ€œးေแ€ြ แ‚€แ€€ိဳแ€แ€„္ ေแ€ြးแ€‘ားแฟแ€•ီး แ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€™แ€š္แ€†ိုแ€›แ€„္ แ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€ြแ€„္แ€™ွာแ€œဲ แ€กဲแ€’ါေแ€œးေแ€ြ แ€žแ€ိแ€‘ား แ€‚แ€›ုแ€…ိုแ€€္ แ€€ာแ€€ြแ€š္แ€™แ€š္แ€†ိုแ€›แ€„္ แ€œုံးแ€ แ‚€แ€€ိဳแ€แ€„္ แ€™ေแ€ြးแ€‘ားแ€ာแ€‘แ€€္ แ€…ာแ€›แ€„္ေแ€ာ့ แ€•ိုแ€กႏၱแ€›ာแ€š္แ€€แ€„္းแ€ာေแ€•ါ့။ ေแ€†ာแ€€္แ€œုแ€•္ေแ€›းแ€œုแ€•္แ€„แ€”္းแ€›ွแ€„္၊ แ€€แ€”္แ€‘แ€›ိုแ€€္แ€ာ၊ แ€กแ€„္แ€‚်แ€„္แ€”ီแ€šာแ€™်ား estimate แ€™ွားแ€šြแ€„္းแ€ြแ€€္แ€်แ€€္แ€™ိแ€™ႈ ျแ€•ႆแ€”ာแ€™်ားႏွแ€„့္ แ€€แ€„္းေแ€းแพแ€€แ€•ါေแ€…။

Kyithar Myint

Ref;http://buildingcontractorsecrets.com/why-estimates-goes-wrong201510why-estimate-goes-wrong/

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Having the right estimate helps the contractor and clients in their planning and helps to reduce tension alot during construction. Variations eats deep into budgets and can really destabilises entire projects when is on the negative side.
(1)Unusual/ bad benchmarking-This is when you’ve done similar projects before and you use exact rates to cost the proposed ones not minding no two projects can be exactly the same. Topography, nature of soil etc can mess up your benchmarking.
(2)Unclear/Incomplete designs- The drawings when not adequately detailed may leads to assumptions of materials require. Often these assumptions are bloated and in other cases grossly inadequate.
(3)Untested Innovations/Techniques- Various techniques are used in construction with additional innovations, the estimator may be ignorant of some processes in constructionmethods which can cause serious oversite in estimating.
(4)Contractors desperation- Quest for job may make a contractor to quote a very low cost for a project just o escape financial lack/loosing the job to other competitors. This will surely bounce back and affect the entire project. An estimator and contractor that must cut costs by reducingonly rates without change in materials may run into such problems.
(5)Pressure of over reduction by client-In the bid to save money yet still maintaining good quality and standard, many clients puts pressure on their contractors to reduce the cost of construction beyond reasonable/acceptable level. Out of ignorance on anybody’s part the client request may be acceeded to by an unscrupulous contractor/estimator which will cause bitterness and dissapointments afterwards as project progresses.
(6)Not employing a Qualified Quantity Surveyor before and after project construction- Qs’es are not only needed before construction, as work progresses they are useful for guiding our expenses, deployment of materials, payments of workers,proper records on financial activities and variations etc. Overall they help guide and keep you focus on your project, as they help to notify you of financial implications of every decision taken concerning the project before it is executed.
(7)Unexpected Environmental situations-Environmental factors can slow the wheel of progress on site and ultimately affect cost. Consider flooding which can slow the work,destroy some materials and jerk up the cost of construction.
(8)Human Incursions/Nuisance-Construction time can be affected when social miscreants disturbs construction. Settling them may take unexpected delays, material could be lost which will affect the cost.
(9)Market fluctuations-Of course prices of materials especially cement fluctuates alot in this part of the world. There are more construction activities in the dry season, hence higher demands on construction materials which also raises the cost of these materials. If you already have a lower markup, the estimate will no longer be adequate, variations must be added which will overshoot the initial budget.
(10)Change in specifications-As project progresses, design changes and clients new requirements will affect the estimate no matter how small the changes.
(11)Redesigning or Remodelling-Again when you adjust initial designs like internal walls been shifted to make some rooms more spacious or redesigning the elevations can cause a big difference in cost of construction.
(12)Procurement Timing-You must procure some materials intime to avoid higher cost.
(13) Not buying in bulk or purchasing ore than required can also affect your estimate greatly.
(14)Inadequate or wrong measurement of plan-If there are errors in reading the plan or attention not being paid to details during construction, the estimate will run into problems.
(15)Wastages-Though there should be room in the estimate to cater for wastages , however without proper management on site you may record wastages that will affect the estimate.
(16)Accidents-Insurance will have to cover for accidents onsite if there is any but for anyone without insurance and there is an unexpected occurences the project will have to suffer the bills.
(17)Improper or absence of statutory legal documentations- If right approvals aren’t gotten or there are issues this may cause stoppage of work, paying penalties etc which will also affects the estimate.
(18)Dispute on Property-For a project that will be disturbed by legal problems this will ultimately affect total cost of construction due to delays etc
(19)Theft of materials on site
(20)Logistics and Preliminaries,process hurdles

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