Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials

Tensile Modulus - Young's Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity - is a measure of stiffness of an elastic material. It is used to describe the elastic properties of objects like wires, rods or columns when they are stretched or compressed.
Tensile Modulus is defined as the

"ratio of stress (force per unit area) along an axis to strain (ratio of deformation over initial length) along that axis"

It can be used to predict the elongation or compression of an object as long as the stress is less than the yield strength of the material.

Material	Tensile Modulus (Young's Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity) - E -		Ultimate Tensile Strength - Su - (106 N/m2, MPa)	Yield Strength - Sy - (106 N/m2, MPa)
	(106  psi)	(109 N/m2, GPa)
ABS plastics		1.4 - 3.1	40
A53 Seamless and Welded Standard Steel Pipe - Grade A			331	207
A53 Seamless and Welded Standard Steel Pipe - Grade B			414	241
A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe - Grade A			400	248
A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe - Grade B			483	345
A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe - Grade C			483	276
A252 Piling Steel Pipe - Grade 1			345	207
A252 Piling Steel Pipe - Grade 2			414	241
A252 Piling Steel Pipe - Grade 3			455	310
A501 Hot Formed Carbon Steel Structural Tubing - Grade A			400	248
A501 Hot Formed Carbon Steel Structural Tubing - Grade B			483	345
A523 Cable Circuit Steel Piping - Grade A			331	207
A523 Cable Circuit Steel Piping - Grade B			414	241
A618 Hot-Formed High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing - Grade Ia & Ib			483	345
A618 Hot-Formed High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing - Grade II			414	345
A618 Hot-Formed High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing - Grade III			448	345
API 5L Line Pipe			310 - 1145	175 - 1048
Acetals		2.8	65
Acrylic		3.2	70
Aluminum Bronze		120
Aluminum	10.0	69	110	95
Aluminum Alloys	10.2
Antimony	11.3
Aramid		70 - 112
Beryllium (Be)	42	287
Beryllium Copper	18.0
Bismuth	4.6
Bone, compact		18	170 (compression)
Bone, spongy		76
Boron				3100
Brass		102 - 125	250
Brass, Naval		100
Bronze		96 - 120
CAB		0.8
Cadmium	4.6
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic		150
Carbon nanotube, single-walled		1000+
Cast Iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48			170
Cellulose,  cotton, wood pulp and regenerated			80 - 240
Cellulose acetate, molded			12 - 58
Cellulose acetate, sheet			30 - 52
Cellulose nitrate, celluloid			50
Chlorinated polyether		1.1	39
Chlorinated PVC (CPVC)		2.9
Chromium	36
Cobalt	30
Concrete		17
Concrete, High Strength (compression)		30	40 (compression)
Copper	17	117	220	70
Diamond (C)		1220
Douglas fir Wood		13	50 (compression)
Epoxy resins		3-2	26 - 85
Fiberboard, Medium Density		4
Flax fiber		58
Glass		50 - 90	50 (compression)
Glass reinforced polyester matrix		17
Gold	10.8	74
Granite		52
Graphene		1000
Grey Cast Iron		130
Hemp fiber		35
Inconel	31
Iridium	75
Iron	28.5	210
Lead	2.0
Magnesium metal (Mg)	6.4	45
Manganese	23
Marble			15
MDF - Medium-density fiberboard		4
Mercury
Molybdenum (Mo)	40	329
Monel Metal	26
Nickel	31	170
Nickel Silver	18.5
Nickel Steel	29
Niobium (Columbium)	15
Nylon-6		2 - 4	45 - 90	45
Nylon-66			60 - 80
Oak Wood (along grain)		11
Osmium (Os)	80	550
Phenolic cast resins			33 - 59
Phenol-formaldehyde molding compounds			45 - 52
Phosphor Bronze		116
Pine Wood (along grain)		9	40
Platinum	21.3
Plutonium	14	97
Polyacrylonitrile, fibers			200
Polybenzoxazole		3.5
Polycarbonates		2.6	52 - 62
Polyethylene HDPE (high density)		0.8	15
Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET		2 - 2.7	55
Polyamide		2.5	85
Polyisoprene, hard rubber			39
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)		2.4 - 3.4
Polyimide aromatics		3.1	68
Polypropylene, PP		1.5 - 2	28 - 36
Polystyrene, PS		3 - 3.5	30 - 100
Polytehylene, LDPE (low density)		0.11 - 0.45
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)		0.4
Polyurethane cast liquid			10 - 20
Polyurethane elastomer			29  - 55
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)		2.4 - 4.1
Potassium
Rhodium	42
Rubber, small strain		0.01 - 0.1
Sapphire		435
Selenium	8.4
Silicon	16	130 - 185
Silicon Carbide		450		3440
Silver	10.5
Sodium
Steel, High Strength Alloy ASTM A-514			760	690
Steel, stainless AISI 302		180	860	502
Steel, Structural ASTM-A36		200	400	250
Tantalum	27
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)		0.5
Thorium	8.5
Tin		47
Titanium	16
Titanium Alloy		105 - 120	900	730
Tooth enamel		83
Tungsten (W)		400 - 410
Tungsten Carbide (WC)		450 - 650
Uranium	24	170
Vanadium	19
Wrought Iron		190 - 210
Zinc	12

• 1 Pa (N/m²) = 1x10^-6 N/mm² = 1.4504x10^-4 psi
•  1 MPa = 0.145x10³ psi (lb_f/in²) = 0.145 ksi
• 1 GPa = 0.145x10⁶ psi (lb_f/in²)
• 1 psi (lb/in²) = 0.001 ksi = 144 psf (lb_f/ft²) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m²) = 6.895x10^-3 N/mm²

Note! - the online pressure converter can be used to convert between Tensile modulus units.

Strain

Strain is "deformation of a solid due to stress" - change in dimension divided by the original value of the dimension - and can be expressed as

ε = dL / L                                          (1)
where
ε = strain (m/m) (in/in)
dL = elongation or compression (offset) of the object (m) (in)
L = length of the object (m) (in)

Stress

Stress is force per unit area and can be expressed as

σ = F / A                                           (2)
where
σ = stress (N/m²) (lb/in², psi)
F = force (N) (lb)
A = area of object (m²) (in²)

• tensile stress - stress that tends to stretch or lengthen the material - acts normal to the stressed area
• compressive stress - stress that tends to compress or shorten the material - acts normal to the stressed area
• shearing stress - stress that tends to shear the material - acts in plane to the stressed area at right-angles to compressive or tensile stress

Young's Modulus - Tensile Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity

Young's modulus can be expressed as

E = stress / strain
   = (F / A) / (dL / L)                                    (3)
where
E = Young's modulus (N/m²) (lb/in², psi)

• named after the 18th-century English physician and physicist Thomas Young

Elasticity

Elasticity is a property of an object or material which will restore it to its original shape after distortion.
A spring is an example of an elastic object - when stretched, it exerts a restoring force which tends to bring it back to its original length. This restoring force is in general proportional to the stretch described by Hooke's Law.

Hooke's Law

One property of elasticity is that it takes about twice as much force to stretch a spring twice as far. That linear dependence of displacement upon stretching force is called Hooke's law which can be expressed as

F_s = -k dL                                          (4)
where
F_s = force in the spring (N)
k = spring constant (N/m)
dL = elongation of the spring (m)

Note that Hooke's Law can also be applied to material undergoing three dimensional stress (triaxial loading).

Yield strength

Yield strength is defined in engineering as the amount of stress (Yield point) that a material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformation.
The Yield Point is in mild- or medium-carbon steel the stress at which a marked increase in deformation occurs without increase in load. In other steels and in nonferrous metals this phenomenon is not observed.

Ultimate Tensile Strength

The Ultimate Tensile Strength - UTS - of a material is the limit stress at which the material actually breaks, with sudden release of the stored elastic energy.

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