CE Vip- Beam Design

CE vip - Beam Design

CE - Analysis of rates - version 6

Civil Engineer ေတြထတြα€€္ CE analysis of rates- version 5 တင္ေပးα€œိုα€€္ပါα€α€š္။

Ebooks

Civil Engineering α€”ဲ႕ပတ္α€žα€္ေα€žာ Ebook α€™်ား

Etabs

Etabs ေα€œ့α€œာα€›α€”္

Site Mistake

Site Mistake

Etabs Tutorials

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Tuesday, December 19, 2017

CE version 7 α€™ိတ္ဆက္

CE version 7 α€™ွာ steel structure ပိုင္းေတြတြα€€္α€”ုိင္ေထာင္ ေα€›းα€žားα€žြားα€™ွာပါ။
RC ပိုင္းα€œα€Š္း Item ေတြထက္ျα€–α€Š္α‚•α€žြားပါ့α€™α€š္။
User ေတြထေα€”α€”ဲα‚• ေα€›းေစခ်င္တဲ့ ထေၾကာင္းထရာα€™်ားα€›ွိရင္ 09696291401 (viber α€™ွတဆင့္)
α€…ာပိုα‚•α€”ုိင္ပါα€α€š္ ။ α€’ီ application α€€ ကၽြα€”္ေတာ္ေα€žα€žြားရင္ေတာင္ ကၽြα€”္ေတာ့္α€€ိုα€š္α€…ား
α€€်α€”္α€›ွိေနပါေα€œ့α€™α€š္ ။ ထက်ိဳးα€›ွိα€›ွိ α€œိုထပ္တာေတြα€€ို ေα€›းေပးα€žြားခ်င္ပါα€α€š္ ။
ကၽြα€”္ေတာ့္α€€ို ထားα€”ာα€–ိုα‚•α€™α€œိုα€žα€œို ေα€›းခိုင္းα€œိုα‚•α€œα€Š္း ထခေၾကးေငြ α€™ေတာင္းခံပါ ။
ကၽြα€”္ေတာ္တို႕ထင္α€šာေတြ α€•α€Šာရပ္ေတြα€€ိုေα€œ့α€œာα€–ို႕ထခ်ိα€”္ ၾကန္႕ၾကာေα€”α€™ွာα€€ိုပဲα€…ိုးα€›ိα€™္α€™ိပါα€α€š္ ။
ထခ်ိα€”္ ေα€”α€›ာ ေငြေၾကးα€€ ထင္α€šာ α€•α€Šာေတြα€€ို ေα€œ့α€œာα€–ိုα‚• α€‘α€Ÿα€”္႕ထတားα€™ျα€–α€…္α€›ေထာင္
ကၽြα€”္ေတာ္α€’ီ application α€€ိုေα€žα€်ာေα€›းα€žြားα€™ွာပါ ။
α€œိုထပ္တဲ့ ebooks ေတြα€œα€Š္းေα€žα€်ာα€…ုေပးα€žြားပါ့α€™α€š္ ။ User ေတြထေα€”α€”ဲα‚• α€‘α€Š္α‚•ေပးေα€…α€œိုတဲ့
α€…ာထုပ္ေတြα€›ွိရင္ 09760840106 α€–ုα€”္းα€”ံပါတ္α€€ိုပဲ α€…ာထုပ္α€”ာα€™α€Š္ေတြပို႕ထားα€”ုိင္ပါα€α€š္ ။
ထားα€œံုးα€€ို ထဆင္ေျပေစခ်င္ပါα€α€š္
ထြα€”္းေထာင္ျα€–ိဳး
( TU Meikhtila)

Unicode
CE version 7 α€™ှာ steel structure ပိုင်းတွေတွα€€်α€”ိုင်ထောင် α€›ေးα€žားα€žွားα€™ှာပါ။

RC ပိုင်းα€œα€Š်း Item တွေထက်α€–ြα€Š့်α€žွားပါ့α€™α€š်။

User တွေထနေα€”ဲ့ α€›ေးα€…ေချင်တဲ့ ထကြောင်းထရာα€™ျားα€›ှိရင် 09760840106 (viber α€™ှတဆင့်)

α€…ာပို့α€”ိုင်ပါα€α€š် ။ α€’ီ application α€€ α€€ျွα€”်တော်α€žေα€žွားရင်တောင် α€€ျွα€”်တော့်α€€ိုα€š်α€…ား

α€€ျα€”်α€›ှိα€”ေပါα€œေ့α€™α€š် ။ ထကျိုးα€›ှိα€›ှိ α€œိုထပ်တာတွေα€€ို α€›ေးပေးα€žွားချင်ပါα€α€š် ။

α€€ျွα€”်တော့်α€€ို ထားα€”ာα€–ို့α€™α€œိုα€žα€œို α€›ေးခိုင်းα€œို့α€œα€Š်း ထခကြေးငွေ မတောင်းခံပါ ။

α€€ျွα€”်တော်တို့ထင်α€šာတွေ α€•α€Šာရပ်တွေα€€ိုα€œေ့α€œာα€–ို့ထချိα€”် α€€ြα€”့်α€€ြာα€”ေα€™ှာα€€ိုပဲα€…ိုးα€›ိα€™်α€™ိပါα€α€š် ။

ထချိα€”် α€”ေα€›ာ ငွေα€€ြေးα€€ ထင်α€šာ α€•α€Šာတွေα€€ို α€œေ့α€œာα€–ို့ α€‘α€Ÿα€”့်ထတားα€™α€–ြα€…်ရထောင်

α€€ျွα€”်တော်α€’ီ application α€€ိုα€žေချာα€›ေးα€žွားα€™ှာပါ ။

α€œိုထပ်တဲ့ ebooks တွေα€œα€Š်းα€žေချာα€…ုပေးα€žွားပါ့α€™α€š် ။ User တွေထနေα€”ဲ့ α€‘α€Š့်ပေးα€…ေα€œိုတဲ့

α€…ာထုပ်တွေα€›ှိရင် 09760840106 α€–ုα€”်းα€”ံပါတ်α€€ိုပဲ α€…ာထုပ်α€”ာα€™α€Š်တွေပို့ထားα€”ိုင်ပါα€α€š် ။

ထားα€œုံးα€€ို ထဆင်ပြေα€…ေချင်ပါα€α€š်

ထွα€”်းထောင်α€–ြိုး

( TU Meikhtila) 


Sunday, December 17, 2017

CE Analysis - Version 6

 CE Analysis Version 6

Civil engineerေတြထတြα€€္ CE version 6 တင္ေပးα€œိုα€€္ပါα€α€š္။
version 6 ေα€›းα€–ိုα‚• ကၽြα€”္ေတာ္ α€”α€Š္းα€”α€Š္းပိုပင္ပန္းပါα€α€š္ ။
ထစထဆံုးျပန္ေα€›းထားα€›α€œို႕ပါ ။ α€’ါေၾကာင့္ Item ေတြα€€
ကၽြα€”္ေတာ္α€œိုခ်င္α€žေα€œာα€€္ေတာ့α€™ေα€›းျα€–α€…္α€œိုα€€္α€˜ူး ။
ထခု version 6 α€€ ထရင္ထုတ္ထားတဲ့ package ေတြα€€ိုေပါင္းျပီးေα€›းထားα€œိုα€€္တာပါ။
ထရင္ထုတ္ထားတဲ့ CEpro and CE beta versionα€™ွာ
 ျα€–α€…္တတ္တဲ့ force stop ျα€•α€ž္α€žα€”ာα€€ိုα€œα€Š္းေျα€–α€›ွင္းျပီးပါျပီး ။
CE application  α€™ွာfunction ေတြပိုα€™်ားα€œာα€™ွာျα€–α€…္ျပီး
ျα€™ိဳα‚•ျပထင္ဂ်င္α€”ီα€šာတြα€€္ခ်α€€္α€™ူေတြα€€ို ထကုα€”္တြα€€္α€”ုိင္ေထာင္α€–α€”္တီးα€žြားα€™ွာပါ ။

version 7 α€€ိုα€œα€Š္း α€žိပ္မၾကာခင္α€™ွာ ထုတ္α€”ုိင္ေထာင္ ထက္ျပီးေα€›းေပးပါ့α€™α€š္။
version 7 α€™ွာေတာ့ ျα€™ိဳα‚•ျပထင္ဂ်င္α€”ီα€šာတြα€€္ခ်α€€္α€™ူ (α€…α€€္တြα€€္ ၊α€œα€€္တြα€€္) α€”ဲα‚• program ေα€›းα€žားα€”α€Š္း
α€žα€„္တန္းဆိုျပီး α€žα€„္ေပးα€–ို႕ထစီထစα€₯္α€›ွိပါα€α€š္။


Version 6 α€™ွာပါ၀င္တဲ့ထေၾကာင္းထရာα€™်ား။
( ေခါင္းα€…α€₯္ခြဲေတြα€€ိုေတာ့ α€™ေα€–ာ္ျပေတာ့ပါα€˜ူး :) )

1.Ebooks

Ebooks(26 ထုပ္)
(Preview , download and read offline)

2.CE Mini Tools

Expansion joint
Metal Weight(H beam ,I beam)
Quiz
Concrete
Total Length(AP)
Geometry shape 2d(Area)
Geometry shape 3d(Volume)
Slab thickness
Beam depth

3.Highway and traffic

Superelevation for highway
Superelevation for railway

4.RC Structure 

Axial force
Square footing 
Combined footing
Column
Beam
Two way slab
Stair

5.Analysis of rates(MOC)

Brickwork
Concrete(Hand mixed)
Concrete(Machine mixed)
Earthwork
Floor work
Plastering
Painting 


6.Wood


Rft to ton
Calculate ton

7.Soil 

Bearing Capacity(General shear @ dense soil)

DOWNLOAD

Download link2



ထားα€œံုး ထဆင္ေျပပါေα€…
ထြα€”္းေထာင္ျα€–ိဳး
TU meikhtila

Saturday, December 16, 2017

Bridge Engineering Books

 

Bridge Engineering Books

(Codes, Manuals, Specification for Bridge Design, Construction and Maintenance)

 


    AASTHO Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Highway Bridges
    Bridge Design Aids
    Bridge Design Manual LRFD
    Bridges Hydraulics
    Design of Highway Bridges
    PCI Bridge Design Manual
    Prestessed Bridges
    Cable Vibrations in Cable-Stayed Bridges
    Structural Bearings and Expansion Joints for Bridges
    Workshop on Bridge Design to Eurocodes
    Design Manual For Roads And Bridges - Loads For Highway Bridges
    10th International Bridges and Structure Management
    9th International Bridge Management Conference
    A Design Mmanual for Small Bridges
    A Guide to Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Trail Bridges
    A Guide to The Construction of Segmental Bridges
    AAHSTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (5th Edition)
    AASHTO - Guide Speccifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridges
    AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2007) (SI)
    AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (6th Eition) (2012 US)
    AASHTO Maintenance Manual for Roadways and Bridges (4th Edition)
    AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (17th Edition)
    Accelerated Bridge Construction - Best Practices and Techniques
    Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Bridges
    Analysis of Box Girder and Truss Bridges
    Application of Precast Deck and Other Elements to Bridge Structures
    Bailey Bridge
    Best Practices In Bridge Management Decision Making
    Bridge Aeroelasticity - Sensitivity Analysis and Optimum Design
    Bridge Aesthetics Around the World
    Bridge Bearings and Expansion Joints
    Bridge by Peter Bishop
    Bridge Construction Methods
    Bridge Construction Practices using Incremental Launching
    Bridge Construction
    Bridge Construction
    Bridge Deck Behaviour
    Bridge Decks Design, Construction, Rehabilitation, Replacement
    Bridge Design Code (Vol 1)
    Bridge Design for Economy and Durability
    Bridge Design Manual
    Bridge Design to Eurocodes - Worked Examples
    Bridge Design to Eurocodes
    Bridge Design to the Eurocodes - Simplified Rules for use in Student Projects
    Bridge Design
    Bridge Desk Analysis
    Bridge Engineering (Highway Bridge Structures)
    Bridge Engineering - Construction and Maintenance
    Bridge Engineering - Design, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Modern Highway Bridges
    Bridge Engineering - Seismic Design
    Bridge engineering - Substructure Design
    Bridge Engineering Automated Vehicle Application
    Bridge Engineering Handbook - Construction and Maintenance (2nd Edition)
    Bridge Engineering Handbook - Seismic Design (2nd Edition)
    Bridge Engineering Handbook - Substructure Design (2nd Edition)
    Bridge Engineering Handbook - SuperStructure Design (2nd Edition)
    Bridge Engineering Handbook
    Bridge Engineering Seismic Design
    Bridge Engineering
    bridge foundation and substructures
    Bridge Hydraulic Design
    Bridge Inspection
    Bridge Launching
    Bridge Loads
    Bridge Maintenance Safety Management and Life Extension
    Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, Health Monitoring and Informatics
    Bridge Management (2nd Edition)
    Bridge Management - Inspection, Maintenance, Assessment and Repair
    Bridge Planning and Design Manual
    Bridge Planning and Design
    Bridge Railing Manual
    Bridge Rating
    Bridge Rehabilitation
    Bridge Repair Manual
    Bridge Seismic Design
    Bridge Standards and Procedure Manual
    Bridge Standards and Procedure Manuals
    Bridge Substructure and Foundation Design
    Bridge Superstructure Design
    Bridges - The Science and art of the World's Most Inspiring Structures
    Bridges Aesthetics and Design
    Bridges and Highways - Rehabilitation and Repair
    Bridges for High Speed Railways
    Bridging the Dutch Landscape
    Building Failures - Diagnosis and Avoidance
    Cable Stayed Bridges
    Cable Supported Bridges - Concept and Design (1st Edition)
    Cable Supported Bridges - Concept and Design (2nd Edition)
    Cable Supported Bridges
    Cable-Stayed Bridges - Theory and Design (2nd Edition)
    Calibration of Load Factors for LFRD Bridge Evaluation
    Christian Menn-Prestressed Concrete Bridges
    Combined Seismic Plus Live Load Analysis of Highway Bridges
    Composite Bridge Design for Small and Medium Spans
    Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures
    Concrete Box-Girder Bridges
    Concrete Bridge Designer’s Manual
    Concrete Bridge Engineering
    Concrete Bridge Practice - Analysis, Design and Enonomics
    Concrete Bridges,Design and Construction
    Construction and Design of Prestressed Concrete Segmental Bridges
    Countermeasures to Protect Bridge Abutments fromScour
    Curtain Walls
    Curved Girder Bridge
    Damage Detection and Repair Methods for GFRP Bridge Deck
    Design Aids of NU I Girders Bridges
    Design and Consctruction Guidlines for Geosynthetic - Reinforced Soil Bridge Abutments with Flexible Facing
    Design Guide Economic and Durable Design of Composite Bridges withI ntegral Abutments
    Design Guide for Composite Highway Bridges
    Design Guide for Steel Railway Bridges
    Design of a Reinforced Concrete Deck-Girder Bridge to AASHTO & ACI Codes
    Design of Concrete Box Girder Bridge
    Design of Highway Bridges - An LRFD Approach
    Design of Highway Bridges
    Design of Main Girder
    Design of modern highrise reinforced concrete structures
    Design of Modern Highway Bridges
    Design of Modern Steel Highway Bridges
    Design of Modern Steel Railway bridges
    Design of Precast Piers for Rapid Bridge Construction in Seismic Region
    Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges
    Design-Guide-for-Composite-Highway-Bridges
    Discover Bridge Over Missouri River
    Durable Bonded PT Concrete Bridges, Concrete Society
    Dynamics of Bridges (Volume 5)
    Dynamics of Railway Bridges
    Economical Bridge Solutions Based on Innovative Composite Dowels and Integrated Abutments
    Effect of Voids In Grouted Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge Construction (Vol-1)
    Effect of Voids In Grouted Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge Construction (Vol-2)
    Elaborate Simulation and Prediction of Seismic
    Elplanation of Excessive Long Time Deflections of Collapsed Record Span Box Girder Bridges
    Emerging Applications of High Performance Steel and Ultra SOund Impact Treatment
    Epoxy Coated Rebar Bridge Decks - Expected Service Life
    Esthetics in Concrete Bridge Design
    Evaluation of Bridge Scour Reseach - Pier Scour Processes and Predictions
    External Prestressing in Bridges
    Failed Bridges - Case Studies, Causes and Consequences
    Fatigue Life of Riveted Steel Bridges
    Finite Element Analysis And Design of Steel And Steel Concrete Composite Bridges
    Finite Element Analysis Of Externally Prestressed Segmental Bridges
    Footbridges - Construction, Design, History
    Grillage Analogy in Bridge Deck Analysis
    Guidance Notes on Best Practice in Steel Bridge Construction
    Guide Lines for Bridge Design
    Guide Specifications for Design and Consctruction of Segmental Concrete Bridges
    Gusset Plate Screening and Analysis on the Hawk Falls Bridge
    Handbook of International Bridge Engineering
    Health Monitoring of Precast Bridge Deck Panels Reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars
    Heat Straightening Repair of Damaged Steel Bridge Girders - Fatigue and Fracture Performance
    High Skew Link Slab Bridge System with Deck Sliding over Backwall or Backwall Sliding over Abutments
    High Skew Link Slab Bridge System
    Historic Bridges - Evaluation, Preservation, and Management
    History of the Modern Suspension Bridge
    Horizontal Curved Steel Box Girder Bridge
    ICE Manual of Bridge Engineering (2nd Edition)
    IDAHO Bridge Inspection Coding Guide
    Improced Corrosion-Resistant Steel for Highway Bridge Consctuction
    Improved Live Load Deflection Criteria for Steel Bridges
    Initial Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Filled Tubes for Bridge Foundation
    Innovations in Bridge Engineering Technology
    Integral and Semi-Integral Bridges
    Integral Concrete Bridges to Eurocode 2
    Intergral Bridges
    Lessons learned from the bridge collapse in Palau
    Load Rating of Complex Bridges
    Low Cost Steel Bridge Pile Inspection Technology
    LRFD Bridge Construction Spectifications
    LRFD Design Example for Steel girder superertructure bridge
    Manual for Bridge Evaluation (2nd Edition)
    Manual for Design, Construction and Maintenance of Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridges
    Masonry Arch Bridges
    Methodological Guide to Eurocode 2 - Application to Concrete Highway Bridges
    Modern Prestressed Concrete Highway Bridge Superstructures
    Monitoring Steel Girder Stability
    Motion Based Design of Cable-Stayed Bridges
    Movable Bridge Engineering
    Performance Load Testing and Structural Adequacy
    Performance of Concrete Segmental And Cable-Stayed Bridges in Europe
    Pier and Contraction Scour in Cohensive Soils
    Plate Buckling in Bridges and Other Structures
    Precast concrete bridges
    Precast Prestressed Concrete Horizontally Curved Bridge Beams
    Precast Segmental Box Girder Bridge Manual
    Precision Estimates of AASHTO T148 - Measuring Length of Drilled Concrete Cores
    Preliminary Design of Bridges for Architects and Engineers
    Prestressed Concrete Bridges
    Prestressed Concrete, Design and Construction
    Prestressed Steel Bridges, Theory and Design
    Primer for the Inspection and Strength Evaluation of Suspension Bridge Cables
    Rapidly Constructible Large-Bar Precast Bridge-Bent Seismic Connection
    Recent Advances in Bridge Engineering
    Recent Developments in Bridge Engineering
    Repair and Rehabilitation of Bridge Components Containing Epoxy - Coated Reinforcement
    Retrofit of Rectangular Bridge Column Using CFRP Wrapping
    Safety of Historical Stone Arch Bridges
    Scale Laboratory Observations of Wave Forces on a Highway Bridge Superstructure
    SCDOT - Bridge Design Manual
    SCI P154 Design of Steel Bridges for Durability
    Scour at Contracted Bridges
    Seismic Damage of Bridges in Earthquake
    Seismic Design Aids for Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Bridges
    Seismic design of steel building accordance to Eurocode 3 and 8
    Seismic Rectrofitting Guidlines for Complex Steel Truss Highway Bridges
    Seismic Retrofitting Guidelines For Complex Steel Truss Highway Bridges
    Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) for Prestressed Bridge Girders
    Self Compacting Concrete in Bridge Construction
    Simplifying Bridge Expansion Joint Design and Maintenance
    Standard Plan for Timber Bridge Superstructures
    Steel Bridge Bearing Design and Detailing Guidelines
    Steel Bridge Bearing Selection and Design Guide
    Steel Bridge Construction - Myths & Realities
    Steel bridges - A practical Approach to Design for Efficient Fabrication and Construction British Constructional Site
    Steel Bridges
    Steel Concrete Composite Bridge
    Steel Girder Superstructure Bridge
    Stress Ribbon and Cable-Supported Pedestrian Bridges
    The Brooklyn Bridge
    The design of Modern Steel Bridges
    The Design of Prestressed Concrete Bridges
    The Institution of Structural Engineers-Operation and Maintenance of Bridge Access    Gantries and Runways (2nd Edition)
    The Messina Strait Bridge
    Theory and Design of Bridges
    Theory of Bridge Aerodynamics
    Timber Bridges-Design, Construction, Inspection, and Maintenance
    Urban Flyovers Structure, Architecture, Sustainability
    Use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Bridge Comstruction
    Wind Resistant Design of Bridges in Japan



Download Part I
Download Part II
Download Part III
Download Part IV
Download Part V
Download Part VI
Download Part VII
Download Part VIII
Download Part VIII (Alternative Media Fire)
Download Part VIII (Google Drive Link)
Download Part IX
Download Part X
Download Part XI

Thursday, December 14, 2017

Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2001 & 2011


Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2001
Download2001

Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2011
Download 2011

Sunday, December 10, 2017

ေα€›ႊတိဂံုα€˜ုα€›ား 3D Model ေα€œး


ေα€›ႊတိဂံုα€˜ုα€›ား 3D Model ေα€œး Free ေပးခ်င္α€œိုα‚” ။ Sketchup ေα€›ာ 3Ds Max α€”ဲα‚”ေα€›ာ α€›ႏိုင္ပါα€α€š္။
.
ေα€›ႊတိဂံုဆိုေα€•α€™α€š့္α€œα€Š္း α€’ီပံုဆြဲၿပီးα€™ွ α€žိα€œိုα€€္ရတာα€€ α€›α€”္α€€ုα€”္α€€ ေစတီေတာ္ေတာ္α€™်ားα€™်ားα€€ ေα€›ႊတိဂံုေစတီပံုα€…ံထတိုင္းα€œုပ္ထားတာေတြခ်α€Š္းပဲခင္α€—်။ α€‘α€œြα€”္ဆံုး မတူရင္ ေထာα€€္ေျခေα€”α€›ာေα€œးေα€œာα€€္ပဲ။
.
α€€ိုα€š့္α€–ာα€žာα€œα€Š္း ျပန္ျပင္α€œုိα‚”α€›ေထာင္ တဆင့္α€…ီ ထပိုင္းေα€œးေတြ ဆြဲထားတာပါ။ ထတြဲα€œိုα€€္α‚€α€€ီး α€œုပ္မထားပါα€˜ူး
.
ထစကေတာ့ Viz ၿပိဳင္α€–ုိ႔ပါပဲ ။ α€’ါေα€•α€™α€š့္ α€‘α€œုပ္α€€ေတာ္ေတာ္မထားတာα€”ဲα‚” α€™ျပိဳင္ျα€–α€…္ေတာ့α€œိုα‚” ျပန္ share α€œိုα€€္တာ။ ထေα€…ာα€α€Š္းα€€α€œα€Š္း share ခ်င္α€œိုα‚” Sketchup α€žα€™ားေတြα€œα€Š္းα€žံုးα€œိုα‚”α€›ေထာင္ Sketchup Plugin ေတြα€”ဲα‚” ကၽြα€”္ေတာ္α€€ိုα€š္တိုင္ α€™α€›α€™α€€ ဆြဲထားတာပါ။ ကၽြα€”္ေတာ့္ေစတနာေတြပါ :D
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Sketchup Model Download Link : 8.41 MB ( https://drive.google.com/…/1qURj40SuRkgBcsOCjOI0-1uFI…/view… )
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3Ds Max Model Download Link : 10.7 MB ( https://drive.google.com/…/1LMB9ljHuZGvfZpaBQou4coq4r…/view… )

Credit
https://www.facebook.com/groups/1134199033270664/permalink/1787647514592476/?pnref=story

Saturday, December 9, 2017

Versionα€‘α€žα€…္ α€™ွာပါα€œာα€™α€š့္ function α€‘α€žα€…္ (၁) (α€™ွ်ားတန္ုး α€žိုα‚•α€™α€Ÿုတ္ α€žံေခ်ာင္းတြα€€္α€™α€š္ )

မၾကာခင္ထုတ္α€™α€Š္α‚• CE version 6 α€™ွာပါα€œာα€™α€š့္ function α€‘α€žα€…္α€™်ားထေၾကာင္း(၁)
 α€™ွ်ားတန္းေတြတြα€€္ခ်င္α€œို႕ပဲျα€–α€…္ျα€–α€…္

ထခုα€œိုα€™်ိဳး α€žံေခ်ာင္းα€€ိုပဲတြα€€္ခ်င္α€œိုα‚•ျα€–α€…္ျα€–α€…္ တြα€€္α€”α€Š္းကထတူတူပါပဲ။


ထရင္ version 5 α€™ွာα€œα€Š္း ပါပါα€α€š္ ။ ထခုα€€ ထရင္ကထက္ပိုျပီး result ေတြပိုေα€€ာင္းေထာင္
ထုတ္ေပးထားα€α€š္ ။ version 5 α€™ွာ total length တစ္ခုα€α€Š္းα€€ိုα€žာ α€›ွာα€”ုိင္ပါα€α€š္။ ခုα€€
တစ္ေခ်ာင္းျခင္းα€…ီα€›ဲα‚•α€‘α€œ်ားေတြပါ တြα€€္ထုတ္ေပးα€”ုိင္ပါျပီ ။



α€₯ပမာ α€’ီပံုα€™ွာα€›ွိတဲ့ α€™ွ်ားတန္းေတြα€€ိုတြα€€္α€™α€š္ ဆိုပါα€…ိုα‚•


ေထာα€€္ကပံုα€™ွာ ထတိုင္းထတာေတြαΎα€€α€Š္႕ပါ။
ထတိုဆံုးα€€ 6000 mm(No1) ၊ ထရွα€Š္ဆံုးα€€ 14400 mm(No5) α€”ဲα‚• ထေခ်ာင္းထေရထတြα€€္α€€ ၅
α€’ီα€žံုးα€™်ိဳးα€€ို application ထဲα€‘α€Š္α‚•α€œိုα€€္တာα€”ဲα‚• ၾကားα€™ွာα€›ွိတဲ့ α€™ွ်ားတန္း(No.2,3,4)ေတြ α€˜α€š္ေα€œာα€€္ ထရွα€Š္α€›ွိα€α€š္ဆိုတာ ထေျဖထြα€€္ေပးပါα€α€š္ ။ ေα€”ာα€€္ျပီး α€…ုα€…ုေပါင္း α€‘α€œ်ားα€€ိုα€œα€Š္း တခါα€α€Š္းတြα€€္ေပးပါα€α€š္ ။

ထတိုဆံုး = 6000 mm
ထရွα€Š္ဆံုး = 14400 mm
ထေခာ်င္းထေရတြα€€္ = 5
ထေျα€–α€™ွာ u1, u2 ,u3,u4,u5 α€…α€žျဖင့္ ထေျဖထုတ္ေပးပါα€α€š္။
α€™α€”္α€˜ာ ၅ေခ်ာင္းα€›ဲα‚• တစ္ေခ်ာင္းα€…ီα€‘α€œ်ားတန္α€–ိုးပါ ။
α€™ွ်ားတန္းေတြ α€žံေခ်ာင္းေတြα€™ွ α€™α€Ÿုတ္α€˜ဲ α€žေα€˜ာတရားတူတဲ့ တြα€€္ခ်α€€္α€™ူေတြα€™ွာ ထကုα€”္α€žံုးα€”ုိင္ပါα€α€š္ ။


တြα€€္α€”α€Š္း
U1(ထတိုဆံုးα€‘α€œ်ား) = 6000 ,
Un (ထရွα€Š္ဆံုးα€‘α€œ်ား)= 14400 ,
ထေခ်ာင္းထေရထတြα€€္ (n) = 5

Commom difference (d) α€›ွာα€›α€”္
d = (Un-U1)/(n-1)

Member တစ္ေခ်ာင္းခ်င္းα€…ီα€›ဲα‚• α€‘α€œ်ားတြα€€္α€›α€”္
Un =U1+(n-1)d
U1 =U1+(1-1)d=U1
U2 =U1+(2-1)d=U1+d
U3 =U1+(3-1)d=U1+2d
U4 =U1+(4-1)d=U1+3d
U5 =U1+(5-1)d=U1+4d

α€…ုα€…ုေပါင္းα€‘α€œ်ားတြα€€္α€›α€”္
Sn = n/2*(U1+Un)





α€™ိα€™ိ တိုα‚•α€œုပ္ငန္းα€™ွာ မၾကာခဏတြα€€္ခ်α€€္ေနရတာေတြα€€ို
Application ေα€›းေပးα€–ိုα‚• ေတာင္းဆိုခ်င္ရင္ 
Viber  : 09760840106 α€€ို α€…ာပိုα‚•ျပီးေတာင္းဆိုα€”ုိင္ပါα€α€š္ ။
ေတာင္းဆိုတဲ့ တြα€€္ခ်α€€္α€™ူေတြα€€ို
version α€‘α€žα€…္ေတြα€™ွာ ျပန္ျပီးα€‘α€Š္α‚•ေပးα€žြားပါ့α€™α€š္ ။

ထားα€œံုးထဆင္ေျပပါေα€… ။
ထြα€”္းေထာင္ျα€–ိဳး
TU Meikhtila

Hot News - Application ေα€›းတာ၀ါα€žα€”ာပါα€žူα€™်ားေα€œ့α€œာα€”ုိင္α€›α€”္
 CE analysis of rates ေα€›းα€žားα€”α€Š္းα€€ို
ေα€–ာ္ျပေပးα€žြားပါα€™α€Š္ ။


Thursday, December 7, 2017

Mohr Coulomb Circle α€”ဲα‚•Triaxial Test ေတြα€€ို α€˜ာ့ေၾကာင့္α€›ွာျပီး α€˜α€š္ေα€”α€›ာα€™ွာα€žံုးα€œဲ

soils ေတြα€›ဲα‚• shear strength ေတြα€Ÿာတစ္ခုα€”ဲ႕တစ္ခုမတူၾကပါα€˜ူး၊ ေျα€™α‚€α€€ီး၏ခံႏိုင္α€›α€Š္α€…ြα€™္းထား shear strength α€€ိုတြα€€္ခ်α€€္α€–ို႔ထတြα€€္ parameters ေတြα€œိုထပ္ပါα€α€š္။ ထဲα€’ီ shear strength α€€ိုတြα€€္α€–ို႔ထတြα€€္ Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria α€›ဲα‚• formula ပံုေα€žα€”α€Š္းα€”ဲ႔တြα€€္ရပါα€α€š္
shear strength at failure = c΄ + (sigma)΄tan (phi)΄
α€€ိုα€‘α€žံုးျပဳα€›α€™ွာပါ။ sigma α€€ေတာ့ effective normal stress, phi α€€ေတာ့ frictional angle, c α€€ေတာ့ cohesion α€€ိုေျပာတာပါ။ c ႏွင့္ phi α€€ိုေတာ့ Mohr circles ေတြα€€ို failure ထမွတ္ေတြα€™ွာထိၿပီးျဖတ္α€žြားတဲ့ထခါျα€–α€…္ေα€•αšα€œာေα€žာ CSL (critical state line) α€Ÿာ slope line တစ္ခုျα€–α€…္ၿပီး ထဲα€’ီ CSL α€œိုင္းα€”ဲα‚” ေα€›ျပင္α€Šီ horizontal line တို႔ထၾကား ျα€–α€…္ေα€•αšα€œာေα€žာေထာင့္α€€ို frictional angle (phi) α€œိုα‚”ေα€αšαΏα€•ီး CSL line α€€ Y-axis (shear stress) α€€ိုျဖတ္α€œိုα‚”ျα€–α€…္ေα€•αšα€œာေα€žာထမွတ္α€”ဲα‚” original point (0,0) တို႔ထႀကား ထကြာထေဝးα€€ို c (cohesion=α€…ီးကပ္α€™ွု) α€œိုα‚”ေα€αšα€•ါα€α€š္။ sigma α€€ေတာ့ shear failure plane ေα€•αšα€€ိုေထာင့္α€™ွα€”္α€€်ေနပါα€α€š္၊ sigma'3 = effective normal stress α€€ေတာ့ Mohr circles α€€ို CSL α€€ျဖတ္α€žြားေα€žာ tangent point ျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ ထဲα€’ီ tangent point (x,y) တန္α€–ိုးα€Ÿာ failure α€›ဲα‚• တန္α€–ိုးေတြျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္၊ x value α€Ÿာ effective normal stress at failure α€›ဲ႕တန္α€–ိုးျα€–α€…္ၿပီး y တန္α€–ိုးα€€ေတာ့ shear stress at failure α€›ဲ႕တန္α€–ိုးျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ total normal stress ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ (sigma) ျα€–α€…္ၿပီး၊ sigma ထေα€•αšα€€
( ' ) မပါရပါ၊ effective α€™ွာα€žာ ( ' ) α€žံုးရပါα€α€š္။ effective normal stress = total normal stress - excess pore water pressure ။ triaxial tests α€™ွ excess pore water pressure တန္α€–ိုးေတြα€›α€š္၊ deviator stress (= sigma'1 - sigma'3) တန္α€–ိုးေတြα€€ိုရ႐ွိၿပီး axial strain α€€ို X-axis ထားၿပီး graph ဆြဲရင္ soil ေျα€™α‚€α€€ီးေတြα€›ဲα‚• softening or hardening tendency ေတြα€€ိုα€žိ႐ွိၿပီး soil characteristics ေတြα€€ိုα€žိႏိုင္α€™ွာျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ sigma'1 α€€ေတာ့ axial stress (effective vertical stress) ျα€–α€…္ၿပီး sigma'3 α€€ေတာ့ effective confining stress ျα€–α€…္ၿပီး (') မပါရင္ total confining stress or total confining pressure α€œိုα‚”ေα€αšα€•ါα€α€š္။ sigma3 α€€ိုα€œα€Š္း sigma r (radial stress or cell pressure) α€œိုα‚”α€œα€Š္းေα€αšαΎα€€α€•ါα€α€š္။
Triaxial compression tests (CU, CD, UU) ေတြα€€ေα€”α€›α€œာေα€žာ p'-q plot α€€ေα€”ျပီး CSL line ဆြဲα€œို႔ရၿပီး phi တန္α€–ိုးα€›ႏိုင္ပါα€α€š္။ Triaxial tests ေတြα€™ွာေတာ့α€™်ားေα€žာထားျဖင့္ triaxial compression test α€€ိုα€‘α€žံုးα€™်ားၿပီး triaxial extension test α€€ိုေတာ့α€‘α€žံုးα€”α€Š္းပါα€α€š္။

Note; phi, sigma, shear strength, deviator stress, normal stress
ေတြα€€ိုα€žေα€€ၤတျဖင့္α€’ီေα€”α€›ာα€™ွာေα€›းα€œိုα‚”α€™α€›α€œိုα‚”α€…ာα€œံုးေပါင္းျဖင့္ေα€–ာ္ျပပါα€α€š္။


Credit


Tri-Axial Test α€€ို ထတိုဆံုးေျပာရရင္ Soil α€›ဲ ့ C and Phi (Cohesion and friction angle) ္α€€ုိ α€žိခ်င္ α€œို ့ α€œုပ္တာ α€œို ့ေျပာ α€œို ့ α€› α€”ိုင္ပါα€α€š္။ Direct Shear α€€ေα€” C and Phi ္α€€ုိ α€›α€”ုိင္ေပမဲ ့ Biaxial (tri-axial) α€€ ေတာ့ consolidation and drain condition ထမ်ိဳးα€™်ိဳးα€”ဲ ့ run α€œို ့α€›α€”ုိင္ပါα€α€š္။ condition ထမ်ိဳးα€™်ိဳး α€€ေတာ ့ Unconsolidated-Undrained UU, consolidated-Undrained CU and consolidated-drained CD တို ့ျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ UU α€€ ထျα€™α€”္ဆံုးα€”ဲ ့ ေα€…်းα€‘α€”α€Š္းဆုံး ျα€–α€…္ျပီး CDα€€ ထၿကာဆံုးα€”ဲ ့ေα€…်းထၿကီးဆံုးျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။
Tri-Axial Test α€€ို Soil α€›ဲ ့ Stress-strain behavior α€€ို α€žိခ်င္ တဲ ့ထခါα€™ွာα€œα€Š္း α€žံုးပါα€α€š္။
Shear Strength and Normal Stress relation α€€ို ျပတဲ ့Mohr Coulomb α€”ဲ ့ပါတ္α€žα€€္α€œုိ ့α€€ေတာ့ ထတိုထားျဖင္ ့ quadrant ေα€œးခု (1. Both Shear Strength and Normal Stress are positive, 2. Normal Stress is positive and Shear Strength is negative, 3. Both Shear Strength and Normal Stress are negative and 4. Normal Stress is negative and Shear Strength is positive) ဆို ျပီး α€›ိွပါα€α€š္။ 

Credit
http://www.myanmarengineer.org
 

Geotextiles ဆိုတာ..


Geotextiles α€€α€‘α€žုံးျပဳပံုေα€•αšα€™ူα€α€Š္ျပီးေတာ့ ထမ်ိဳးα€™်ိဳးα€›ွိα€α€š္α€—် ။ α€œα€€္α€›ွိα€™ွာေတာ့ civil engineering α€‘α€œုပ္ေတြျα€–α€…္တဲ့ roads, airfields, railroads, embankments, retaining structures, reservoirs, canals, dams, bank protection, coastal engineering ႏွင့္ construction site silt fences ေတြα€™ွာ α€‘α€žုံးα€™်ားပါα€α€š္။ ပုံα€™ွα€”္ထားျဖင့္ Geotextiles ေတြα€Ÿာေျα€™α€žားα€›ဲα‚• tension surface ေα€•αšα€™ွာတင္ျခင္းျဖင့္ေျα€™α€žားα€›ဲ႕ထားα€€ိုျα€™ႇင့္ေပးျခင္း ထားျဖင့္α€‘α€žုံးျပဳပါα€α€š္။ Geotextiles α€€ိုပင္α€œα€š္α€€α€™္းေျခ sand bund ေတြα€€ို ေα€›α€œႊα€™္းျခင္း၊ α€’ီေရတိုα€€္α€…ားျခင္း ၊ α€œိႈင္းပုတ္ျခင္း ႏွင့္ ေα€œα€ိုα€€္α€…ားျခင္းေတြα€€ α€€ာα€€ြα€š္α€–ို႕ထတြα€€္α€œဲ α€‘α€žုံးျပဳပါေα€žးα€α€š္။ Geotextiles α€‘α€žုံးျပဳျခင္းα€›ဲα‚• ထားα€žာခ်α€€္α€€ေတာ့ ေျα€™α€žားα€›ဲα‚• strength α€€ို improve ျα€–α€…္ေထာင္α€œုပ္တဲ့ ေα€”α€›ာα€™ွာ soil nailing ျပဳα€œုပ္ျခင္းထက္ α€…α€›ိတ္ပိုα€™ိုα€žα€€္α€žာျခင္းပါပဲ။ α€’ီထျပင္ Geotextiles ခင္းထားတဲ့ ေျα€™α€žားေα€•αšα€™ွာα€œဲα€žα€˜ာဝထတိုင္း α€žα€…္ပင္ပန္းα€™α€”္ ေတြα€€ို α€…ိုα€€္ပ်ိဳးႏိုင္ပါα€α€š္။
α€’ါတင္α€™α€€ေα€žးပါα€˜ူး building demolition α€œုပ္တဲ့ေα€”α€›ာα€™ွာα€œဲα€‘α€žုံးျပဳႏိုင္ပါေα€žးα€α€š္။ α€‘α€žုံးျပဳပံုα€€ေတာ့ demolition α€œုပ္α€™ဲ့ထေဆာα€€္ထα€₯ီး α€›ဲα‚• column တိုင္ေတြα€™ွာ Geotextiles ေတြα€€ို steel wire ႏွင့္ chain link ေတြα€‘α€žုံးျပဳျပီး တြဲခ်α€Š္ထားပါα€α€š္။ demolition α€œုပ္α€™ဲ့ထေဆာα€€္ထα€₯ီးα€€ို explode α€œုပ္တဲ့ထခါ explosive debris ေတြα€€ို Geotextiles α€–α€”္းထားေပးပါα€α€š္။ α€˜ာေၾကာင့္ Geotextiles α€€ိုα€’ီေα€”α€›ာα€™ွာα€‘α€žုံးျပဳα€žα€œဲဆိုတာα€€ Geotextiles α€›ဲα‚•ေα€€ာင္းα€™ြα€”္တဲ့ tensile strength α€›ွိα€œို႕ပါပဲ။ ၾကီးα€™ားတဲ့ထရာဝတၳဳေတြ α€€ို chain link ေတြα€€α€–α€™္းထားႏိုင္ျပီးေတာ့ α€œြင့္ထြတ္α€œာတဲ့ ထပိုင္းထစထားα€œုံးα€€ို Geotextiles α€€α€–α€™္းထားေပးပါα€α€š္။
Geotextiles ထမ်ိဳးα€™်ိဳးα€›ွိတဲ့ထနက္ erosion control ထတြα€€္α€‘α€žံုးထမ်ားဆုံးႏွင့္ popular ထျα€–α€…္ဆုံးα€€ေတာ့ Coir (coconut fiber) geotextiles ပါပဲ။ ထေၾကာင္းα€€ေတာ့ ေα€€ာင္းα€™ြα€”္တဲ့ mechanical strength α€›ွိျခင္း၊ ၃ ႏွα€…္ α€€ေα€” ၅ ႏွα€…္ၾကာတဲ့ထခါ Coir geotextiles ေတြα€Ÿာ humus ထျα€–α€…္ေျပာင္းα€œဲα€žြားျပီးေတာ့ ေျမဆီα€œႊာα€€ိုထက်ိဳးျပဳေα€…α€œို႕ပဲျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။

ပုံထခ်ိဳ႕တင္ေပးα€œိုα€€္ပါα€α€š္ ။
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Testing for the strength of Geotextiles in sand under static and dynamic loading 





 



geotextile ဆိုတာ α€˜ာα€€ိုေα€αšα€ာပါα€œဲ?
Geo ေျα€™ျα€€ီးပတ္α€žα€€္တဲα‚”ေန၇ာေတြα€™ွာα€žုံးတဲα‚” Textile ပိတ္α€… α€œိုα€™်ိဳးေပါ့ေα€”ာ္။
α€˜α€š္α€™ွာ α€žံုးတာα€œဲ? α€˜α€š္α€œိုα€™်ိဴးα€žံုးတာα€œဲ?
* ေျα€™α€žားα€›ဲα‚” stability α€€ိုα€œိုခ်င္တဲα‚” ထခါα€™ွာα€žံုးပါα€α€š္။ Slope α€€ို Geotextile α€”ဲα‚” cover α€œုပ္ျပီး slope ၇ဲα‚” stability α€›ေထာင္α€œုပ္တာα€™်ိဳး။
* Ground Improvement α€œုပ္တဲα‚” ေန၇ာေတြα€™ွာα€œဲα€žုံးပါα€α€š္။ Reclamation (ေျα€™α€žားα€‘α€žα€…္α€–ို့ျခင္း) α€œုပ္ငန္းေတြα€™ွာ α€›ႊံα‚”ေျမတစ္ထပ္ α€žဲတစ္ထပ္ α€–ို့တဲ႔ထခါ α€›ႊံ႔ထဲα€€ို α€žဲေတြα€”α€…္ဝင္α€™α€žြားေထာင္ ထတားထဆီး ထျα€–α€…္α€žးံုပါα€α€š္။
* α€žူα€€ိုျဖတ္ျပီး ေ၇စီးဆင္းα€”ိုင္တဲα‚” ဂုဏ္α€žα€ိα€›ွိတာေျα€€ာင့္ α€›ႊံ႔ထဲα€™ွေ၇မ်ားထြα€€္α€žြားႏႈα€”္း (Consolidation rate) ပိုα€™ိုျα€™α€”္ေစ၇န္ထတြα€€္α€œဲα€žုံးပါα€α€š္။ Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) α€€ိုပတ္တဲ႔ထခါα€™ွာα€œဲ α€žုံးပါα€α€š္။

ထမ်ိဴးထစားေတြ α€€ြဲၿပားေα€žးα€œား?
α€€ြဲျပားပါα€α€š္။ Geotextile α€€ို α€šα€€္α€œုပ္ပုံα€€ို ထေျခခံျပီး ၂ α€™်ိဳးα€€ြဲပါα€α€š္။
Woven Geotextile
Nonwoven Geotextile

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Saturday, December 2, 2017

Structure ဆိုတာ

(Structure ဆိုတာα€€ို ျမင္α€œြα€š္ေထာင္α€žာ ေα€›ြးေျပာα€™ိတာα€™ိုα‚” α€žာα€žာေတာ့ *ၾကပါα€€ုα€”္😁)
ေα€€်ာင္းတုα€”္းα€€ triangular scale α€œိုα‚” ေα€αšα€ဲ့ α€žံုးေျα€™ႇာင့္ေပတံေα€œး α€žံုးရပါα€α€š္။ α€‘α€œုပ္ထဲေα€›ာα€€္ေတာ့α€œα€Š္း α€…ာα€›ြα€€္α€–ိα€–ိုα‚” α€žံုးေျα€™ႇာင့္ α€žα€…္α€žားတံုးေα€œး α€žံုးခဲ့α€–ူးပါα€α€š္။
တစ္α€œα€€္α€™ျပင္ထက်α€š္ ထနားα€žံုးα€–α€€္α€›ွိတဲ့ တစ္ေပတို α€žα€…္α€žားေခ်ာင္းေα€œး တစ္ေခ်ာင္းα€€ို ျမင္αΎα€€α€Š့္ပါα€™α€š္။
α€žူα‚”α€€ိုေထာင္ၿပီး Axial ဝင္α€›ိုးထတိုင္း α€–ိထား compression ေပးαΎα€€α€Š့္α€™α€š္ဆိုရင္ Lb 100 ခံႏိုင္α€α€š္ဆိုပါα€…ိုα‚”။
Lb 200 ထားα€›ွိတဲ့ Force α€€ို ခံα€–ို႔ဆိုရင္ α€žα€…္α€žား ၂ ေခ်ာင္း ပူးα€œိုα€€္α€›ံုပါပဲ။ α€’ါα€Ÿာ axial stiffness α€žေα€˜ာပါ။ stiffness ထေα€”α€”ဲα‚”α€€ EA/L ျα€–α€…္ပါα€™α€š္။ α€’ီေα€”α€›ာα€™ွာ ထေα€αšα€‘ေα€αš တစ္ခ်ိဳα‚•α€€ို ျα€™α€”္α€™ာα€œို ျပန္ထားပါ့α€™α€š္။
Stiffness = ေတာင့္တင္းα€™ႈ
Flexibility = 1/stiffness = ေပ်ာ့ေျပာင္းα€™ႈ
Rigidity = ခိုင္α€™ာα€™ႈ
Stability = α€α€Š္ၿငိα€™္α€™ႈ
Displacement = ထေα€›ြα‚•
Deflection = α€Šႊတ္ေပ်ာင္းထေα€›ြα‚•
Deformation = ပံုပ်α€€္ထေα€›ြα‚•
တစ္ခ်ိဳα‚•α€€ိုေတာ့ ထဂၤα€œိပ္α€œိုပဲ α€žိထားတာα€€ ပိုေα€€ာင္းပါα€™α€š္။
E = modulus of elasticity
G = modulus of rigidity or shear modulus
I = 2nd moment of Area or moment of inertia
A = member's X sectional area
L = member's Length
α€™ူα€œ α€žα€…္α€žားေခ်ာင္းထေၾကာင္း ျပန္α€žြားပါ့α€™α€š္။ တစ္ေခ်ာင္းα€›ဲα‚• Area α€€ Lb100 ခံတာα€™ိုα‚” ႏွα€…္ေခ်ာင္း ပူးα€œိုα€€္ရင္ Lb 200 ခံα€™ွာပါပဲ။ α€žိုα‚”ေα€žာ္ α€’ါα€Ÿာ axial load ေတြျα€–α€…္တဲ့ pure tension ေတြ compression ေတြ ထတြα€€္α€žာ ျα€–α€…္ပါα€™α€š္။
Bending ေα€€ြးα€Šႊတ္α€™ႈထတြα€€္α€€ေတာ့ moment of inertia α€€ α€…α€€ားေျပာα€œာပါα€™α€š္။ α€’ုတိα€šα€•ံုα€œို ပူးα€œိုα€€္ျခင္းα€Ÿာ I α€€ို တိုးပြားα€œာေစတာα€™ိုα‚” bending stiffness α€›ဲα‚• α€™ူရင္းα€€ိα€”္းျα€–α€…္တဲ့ EI/L α€€ို တိုးα€œာေစပါα€α€š္။
တတိα€šα€•ံုα€…ံ ပူးα€™α€š္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ torsional stiffness တိုးα€œာေα€žာ္α€œα€Š္း I တထားα€€်α€žြားတာα€™ိုα‚” bending stiffness α€€်α€žြားပါα€™α€š္။
α€žိုα‚”ေα€žာ္ α€˜α€š္α€œိုပဲ ပူးပူး ဝင္α€›ိုးတစ္ေα€œα½ွာα€€္ tension/ compression ခံႏိုင္α€›α€Š္ျα€–α€…္တဲ့ axial stiffness α€€ေတာ့ ထတူတူပဲ ျα€–α€…္ေα€”α€™ွာပါ။
Member ေတြα€Ÿာ axial load only ပဲ ခံα€›α€™ွာα€œား၊ bending ခံα€›ေα€žးα€œား၊ twisting ေα€›ာ ခံေα€”α€›α€™ွာα€œား။ α€…α€žα€Š္ျဖင့္ frame analyse α€œုပ္α€œိုα‚” α€›α€œာတဲ့ ထေα€•αšα€™ွာα€™ူα€α€Š္ၿပီး member α€›ဲα‚• X section area α€”ဲα‚” shape (angle, channel, square, circular pipe α€…α€žα€Š္ျဖင့္) ေတြα€€ို ေα€›ြးခ်α€š္ေပးရတာα€€ိုပဲ member design α€œုပ္α€α€š္α€œိုα‚” ေα€αšα€•ါα€α€š္။
Stiffness ဆိုတာα€€ force ÷ displacement ပဲ ျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။
Frame α€›ဲα‚• stiffness α€€ေတာ့ joint ေတြα€”ဲα‚” frame shape ေα€•αšα€™ူα€α€Š္ပါα€α€š္။ ဂိုးတိုင္α€œို rectangular frame ေတြα€Ÿာ joint ေတြα€›ဲα‚• stiffness α€”ဲα‚”α€žာ ေတာင့္ခံရတာျα€–α€…္ပါα€α€š္။ ႀတိဂံα€œို frame ေတြα€€ေတာ့ member ေတြα€›ဲα‚• EA α€”ဲα‚” ထဓိα€€ေတာင့္ခံႏိုင္တာα€™ိုα‚” rigid frame α€œိုα‚” ေျပာα€œိုα‚” ရပါα€™α€š္။
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α€…α€Š္α€žူမင္း
ထပ်င္းေျပေα€›းα€žα€Š္😊
 
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Structural designer တစ္ေα€šာα€€္ ျα€–α€…္α€–ိုα‚”

Civil ထမ်ားα€…ုα€Ÿာ Structure α€”ဲα‚” Design α€žေα€˜ာတရားေတြα€€ို α€žိα€”ားα€œα€Š္ခ်င္ၾကပါα€α€š္။ α€žိုα‚”ေα€žာ္α€œα€Š္း α€˜α€š္α€€ေနစၿပီး ေα€œ့α€œာα€›α€™α€š္ဆိုတာα€€ိုေတာ့ ေα€›ေα€›α€›ာα€›ာ α€™α€žိαΎα€€α€žα€œို ျα€–α€…္ေနတာα€™ိုα‚” ထစα€₯္α€œိုα€€္ ေျပာαΎα€€α€Š့္ပါ့α€™α€š္။
Structural Design ဆိုတာ ထဆံုးα€žα€္ final result α€€ေတာ့ member ေတြα€›ဲα‚• ထရြα€š္ထစား size ေတြ၊ ပါဝင္α€›α€™α€š့္ α€žံေခ်ာင္းထရြα€š္ထစားα€”ဲα‚” ထေရထတြα€€္ေတြ၊ ထဆက္ joint α€™ွာα€žံုးα€›α€™α€š့္ bolt ထရြα€š္ထစားα€”ဲα‚” ထေရထတြα€€္ေတြα€€ို ေျပာျပေပးျခင္းα€™်ိဳးပါ။
α€’ါေတြα€žိα€–ို႔ထတြα€€္ Design of concrete structure α€”ဲα‚” Design of steel structure တိုα‚”α€€ို ဖတ္ရပါα€™α€š္။ ေα€”ာα€€္တစ္ခါ..
Design α€›ဲα‚• α€žံုးα€™α€š့္ material ေတြα€€ို α€”ားα€œα€Š္α€–ိုα‚”α€€ mechanics of materials MOM α€€ို ဖတ္ရပါα€™α€š္။
Frame ေတြထေၾကာင္းα€€ို α€žိၿပီး member α€‘α€œိုα€€္ force ေတြ ခြဲေဝတတ္α€–ိုα‚” ထတြα€€္α€œα€Š္း Structural Analysis α€…ာထုပ္α€€ို example ေα€€ာင္းေα€€ာင္းα€”ဲ႔တကြ α€›ွာဖတ္ထားရပါα€™α€š္။
Structural Analyse α€œုပ္တတ္α€–ို႔ဆိုရင္ Statics and Dynamic α€žေα€˜ာα€€ို α€žိထားα€›α€™ွာα€™ိုα‚” α€’ီတစ္ထုပ္α€€ေတာ့ ထေျခခံပါ။
ထစကေα€” ျပန္ေျပာα€›α€™α€š္ဆိုရင္ Structural designer တစ္ေα€šာα€€္ ျα€–α€…္α€–ို႔ထတြα€€္....
Statics and Dynamics
Structural Analysis
Example in Structural Analysis
Mechanic of Materials
Design of Concrete structure
Design of Steel Structure
α€…ာထုပ္ေတြα€€ို ဖတ္ထားα€–ိုα‚” α€œိုပါα€™α€š္။
α€œα€€္ေတြα‚•α€‘α€žံုးခ်α€–ို႔ထတြα€€္ software ထေα€”α€”ဲα‚”α€€ Etabs+ Safe α€žိုα‚”α€™α€Ÿုတ္ Staad α€”ဲα‚”
AutoCAD α€€ို α€™ျα€–α€…္α€™ေα€” တတ္ထားရပါα€™α€š္။
α€’ီ့ေα€”ာα€€္α€™ွα€žာα€œα½ွင္ code ေတြကထစ soil test ပါα€™α€€်α€”္ α€”α€š္ထစံု α€žိထားα€–ိုα‚” ဆက္α‚€α€€ိဳးα€…ားα€›α€™ွာပါ။ Statics and Dynamics α€”ဲα‚” MOM ေတြα€€ိုα€™ွ α€”ားα€™α€œα€Š္α€˜ဲ software α€”ဲα‚” design တြα€€္ၾကတဲ့ထခါ optimum ျα€–α€…္α€–ိုα‚” α€™α€œြα€š္ပါα€˜ူး။ α€’ီ့ထျပင္ ထဆိုးဆံုးα€€ေတာ့ α€€ြα€€ို designer ေα€šာင္ေα€šာင္ α€Ÿα€”္ေဆာင္α€™ိၾကရင္း ရင္တြင္းα€™ွာေတာ့ α€žိα€™္α€„α€š္α€žြားα€› တတ္ပါα€α€š္။
α€œူဆိုတာα€€α€œα€Š္း α€žိα€™္α€„α€š္α€žြားရၿပီဆိုရင္ ဆရာထစစ္α€€ိုပါ α€™α€›ွာတတ္ၾကေတာ့α€˜ဲ α€•α€Šာတိုးတက္ႏႈα€”္းα€žα€Š္α€œα€Š္း ထရမ္းေႏွးေα€€ြး α€žြားရတတ္ပါα€α€š္။
α€žိα€™္α€„α€š္α€…ိတ္ေၾကာင့္ α€€ိုα€š့္α€€ိုα€€ိုα€š္α€€ာα€€ြα€š္α€–ိုα‚” α‚€α€€ိဳးα€…ားေနရတာα€”ဲ႔တင္ α€•α€Šာα€›ွင္ထစစ္α€€ို α€›ြံα‚•α€™ုα€”္းα€œာတတ္ပါα€α€š္။ တပါးα€žူα€€ို ထထင္ေα€žးျခင္း ထထင္α‚€α€€ီးျခင္းေတြ α€žေα€›ာ္ေα€œွာင္ေျပာင္ α€›ံႈ႕ခ်α€œိုျခင္းေတြ ဆက္α€œα€€္ေပါα€€္α€–ြားα€œာတတ္ပါα€α€š္။
α€™ိα€™ိα€›ဲα‚• ထင္α€šာα€•α€Šာα€”ဲα‚” ထေၾကာင္းထရာα€›ဲα‚• ျα€•α€žα€”ာα€€ို တိုα€€္α€›ိုα€€္ေျα€–α€›ွင္းα€›α€™α€š့္ထစား α€œူပုဂၢိဳα€œ္α€€ိုα€žာα€œα½ွင္ α€œူα€šုတ္α€™ာ/α€žူေတာ္ေα€€ာင္း α€…α€žα€Š္ျဖင့္ ခြဲျခားေဝဖန္α€žံုးα€žα€•္ ေα€”α€™ိတတ္ပါα€α€š္။
ထေα€•αšα€€ α€…ာထုပ္ေတြα€”ဲα‚” ပတ္α€žα€€္α€œိုα‚” α€žα€„့္α€™α€š္ထင္တာေα€œးေတြ ေα€›ြးတင္ေပးα€œိုα€€္ပါα€α€š္။ α€€ိုα€š္ႏွα€…္α€žα€€္α€›ာ α€žီးα€žα€”္α‚” α€…ာထုပ္α€”ာα€™α€Š္ ေျပာရင္α€œα€Š္း ျပန္α€›ွာေပးပါ့α€™α€š္။ တစ္ပါးα€žူဆီα€€ ၾကားα€–ူးα€”ားဝထက္α€…ာရင္ α€€ိုα€š္တိုင္ဖတ္α€–ူးα€™ွα€žာ α€€ိုα€š့္α€€ိုα€€ိုα€š္ α€šံုαΎα€€α€Š္α€™ႈ self-confidence ထမွα€”္α€α€€α€š္ α€›α€œာα€™ွာပါ။


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https://drive.google.com/…/1ncNuRmlMt6RIT4J0vgXE2uxMw…/view…

2 Example in structural analysis 2nd ed (9.8MB)
https://drive.google.com/…/1dPWhRZzdXupwTobvsnMMAf3bT…/view…



3 Mechanic of materials 10th ed (47.5MB)



https://drive.google.com/…/0B78-5-JoyB8ibmg3bVFnQV9OT…/view…


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α€’ါα€€ေတာ့ ေα€”ာα€€္ဆံုးထုတ္ edition α€™ိုα‚” ထဆစ္ တင္ေပးα€œိုα€€္တာပါ။
6 Fundamentals of structural analysis 5th ed (2018) 49.8MB

https://drive.google.com/…/1BcQTkHS_UZk-KWyGpKulNE_HR…/view…
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